n Group II, No. 300.
I GV 951
1 '^
■ 1907
1 ^^^ 1
B ATHLETIC 1
^^^Evft y^^'^'i'tS' j^^fl^^^^^^H
Price 10 cents
LIBRARY
HOW
TO rn^rn
PLAY
H, FOOT B ALL
ff Edited by" ^%^^^m§^l^^m,
Walter Camp
'"l '■ ■• 7
American Sports Publishing Co..,i
••;. '•% 21 Warren street. NewYorK ,fmi,u,.%,mi
/4- iM., 4,
Grand Prize
St. Louis, 1904
Grand Prix
Paris, 1900
A. G. Spalding & Bros.
Maintain their own Wholesale and Retail
Stores for the Distribution of
Spalding's Athletic Library
and a complete line of
SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS
in the following cities:
NEW YORK
Downtown— 124-128 Nassau Street
Uptown— 29-33 Bi^st 42d Street
PHILADELPHIiOm
lOKt^ilbert Street
BOSTON, MASS.
73 Federal Street
BALTIMORE, MD. .
208 EasfBytOTiore Street
WASHINGTON, D; V.
709 14th Strdfet, N. W.
(Colorado Building)
PITTSBURG, PA.
439 Wood Street
BUFFALO, N. Y.
611 Main Street
SYRACUSE, N. Y.
University Block
NEW ORLEANS, LA.
140 Carondelet Street
CHICAGO
147-149 Wabash Avenue
ST. LOUIS. MO.
710 Pine Street
CINCINNATI, O.
Fountain Square
27 East Fifth Street
CLEVELAND, O.
741 Euclid Avenue
KANSAS CITY, MO.
1111 Walnut Street
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
39 Sixth Street, South
DETROIT, MICH.
254 Woodward Avenue
DENVER, COL.
1616 Arapahoe Street
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
134 Geary Street
MONTREAL, CANADA, 443 St. James Street
LONDON, ENGLAND. {tesfEn'd Slnch^t Haymarket, S. W.
Communications directed to A. G. Spalding & Bros, at any of the above
addresses, will receive ^i^ompt attention.
=Dff:
*
SPALDING'S
ATHLETIC
LIBRARY
-ft-
Spalding's Athletic Library is admitted to be the
leading library series of its kind published in the world.
In fact, it has no imitators, let alone equals. It occupies
a field that it has created for itself.
The Library was established in the year 1892, and it
is an admitted fact by all authorities that Spalding's
Athletic Library has been an important factor in the
advancement of amateur sport in America.
The millions that read the Library during the year
will attest to its value. A glance at its index will dis-
close the remarkable field that it covers. It is im-
material what the pastime may be, you will find in
Spalding's Athletic Library a reference to it, either in
a book devoted exclusively to that particular game or
in some of the books that cover many sports.
It has been the aim of the editors to make the books
Official, and they are recognized as such, all the im-
portant governing bodies in America granting tq the
publishers of Spalding's Athletic Library the right to
publish their official books and official rules.
A glance at the names of the authors of the different
volumes will convince the reader that the best men in
each particular line, the men best qualified to write
intelligently on each subject, are selected ; and, as a
result, there is not another series in the world like
Spalding's Athletic Library series.
It is immaterial what new game or form of sport be
conceived or advanced, it is invariably the aim of the
publishers to have a book on that sport. In that way
Spalding's Athletic Library is in the field at the begin-
ning of the sport, follows it year in and year out, and
there can be no doubt whatever that the present pop-
ularity of athletic sports can attribute the same to the
"backing" it has received from Spalding's Athletic
Library. JAMES E. SULLIVAN.
SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRAeV
Giving the Titles of all Spalding Athletie Library [?
Boohs now in print, grouped tor ready reference iL
SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS
Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide
Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide
Spalding's Official Association Foot Ball Guide
Spalding's Official Cricket Guide
Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis Annual
Spalding's Official Golf Guide
Spalding's Official Ice Hockey Guide
Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide
Spalding's Official Bowling Guide
Spalding's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide
Spalding's Official Roller Polo Guide
Spalding's Official Athletic Alma^iac
Base Ball
Base Ball
No. I
No. 2
No. 2a
No. 3
No. 4
No. 5
No. 6
No. 7
No. 8
No. 9
No. lO
No. 12
€roDp I.
No. 1 Spalding's Official
Guide.
No. 202 How to Play Base Ball.
No. 223 How to Bat.
No. 232 How to Run Bases.
No. 230 How to Pitch.
No. 229 How to Catch.
No. 225 How to Play First Base.
No. 226 How to Play Second Base.
No. 227 How to Play Third Base.
No. 228 How to Play Shortstop.
No. 224 How to Play the Outfield.
How to Organize a Base Ball
Club. [League.
How to Organize a Base Ball
How to Manage a Base Ball
No. ^ Club.
231 How to Train a Base Ball Team
How to Captain a Base Ball
How to Umpire a Game. [Team
Technical Base Ball Terms.
No. 219 Ready Reckoner of Base Ball
Percentages.
BASE BALL AUXILIARIES
No. 291 Minor League Base Ball Guide
No. 293 Official Book National League
of Prof 'nal Base Ball Clubs.
Foor Ball
Official Foot Ball
Group II.
No. 2
Spalding'
Guide.
No. 300 How to Play Foot Ball.
No. 2a Spalding's Official (Soccer)
Association Foot Ball Gidde
No. 286 How to Play Soccer.
FOOT BALL AUXILIARIES
No. 283 Spalding's Official Canadian
Foot Ball Guide.
No. 294 Official Intercollegiate Asso'n
Soccer Foot Dall Guide.
crichet
Group III.
No. 3 Spalding's Official Cricket Guide
No. 277 Cricket and How to Play It.
Group IV.
No. 4
Lawn Tennis
Spalding's Official Lawn Ten-
nis Annual.
No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis.
No. 279 Strokes and Science of Lawn
Tennis.
Group V. Goir
No. 5 Spalding's Official GolfGuidt
No. 276 How to Play Golf.
Group VI. Hockey
No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey
Guide.
No. 154 Field Hockey.
No. 188. Lawn Hockey.
No. 180. Ring Hockey.
HOCKEY AUXILIARY
No. 256. Official Handbook Ontario
Hockey Association.
Group VII. Basket Ball
No. 7 Spalding's Official Basket
Ball Guide.
No. 193 How to play Basket Ball.
No. 260 Basket Ball Guide for Women.
BASKET BALL AUXILIARY
No. 299 Official Collegiate Basket Ball
Handbook.
Any of the Above Books Mailed Postpaid Upon
Receipt of 10 Cents
- ^SPALDIN G ATHLETIC LIB RARY/ 7^
Groap VIII.
Bowling
No.
8 Spaldi7ig's Official Bowling
Guide.
Group IX
No.
iDdoor Base Ball
9 Spalding's Official Indoor
Base Ball Guide.
Group X
No
Polo
10 Spalding's Official Roller Polo
Guide.
No. 129 Water Polo.
No. 199 Equestrian Polo.
Group XI. Miscellaneous Games
No. 201 Lacrosse.
No. 297 Official Handbook U. S. Inter-
coUegriate Lacrosse League.
No. 248 Archery.
No. 138 Croquet.
No. 271 Roque.
[Racquets.
No. 194 -j Squash-Racquets.
(Court Tennis.
No. 13 Hand Ball.
No. 167 Quoits.
No. 170 Push Ball.
No. 14 Curling.
No. 207 Lawn Bowls.
No. 188 Lawn Games.
No. 189 Children's Games.
Group XII.
Athletics
No. 12 Spalding's Official Athletic
Ahna nar.
College Athletics.
All Around Athletics.
Athletes' Guide.
Athletic Primer.
Olympic Gamesat Athens,1906
How to Sprint.
How to Run 100 Yards.
Distance and Cross Country
Running.
No. 259 How to Become a Weight
Thrower.
Official Sporting Rules.
Athletic Training for School-
boys.
ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES
No. 295 Amateur Athletic Union Offi-
cial Handbook.
No. 292 Intercollegiate Official Hand-
book.
Y. M. C. A. Official Handbook.
Public Schools Athletic
League Official Handbook.
No. 274 Intercollegiate Cross Country
Association Handbook.
No. 27
No. 182
No. 156
No. 87
No. 273
No. 252
No. 255
No. 174
No. 55
No. 246
No. 245
No. 281
Group XIII.
Athletic
Accomplishments
No. 177 How to Swim.
No. 296 Speed Swimming.
No. 128 How to Row.
No. 209 How to Become a Skater.
No. 178 How to Train for Bicycling.
No. 23 Canoeing.
No. 282 Roller Skating Guide.
Group XIV.
Manly Sports
No. 18 Fencing. (ByEreck).
No. 162 Boxing.
No. 165 Fencing. ( By Senac ).
No. 140 Wrestling.
No. 236 How to Wrestle.
No. 102 Ground Tumbling.
No. 233 Jiu Jitsu.
No. 166 How to Swing Indian Clubs.
No. 200 Dumb Bell Exercises.
No. 143 Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells.
No. 262 Medicine Ball Exercises.
No. 29 Pulley Weight Exercises.
No. 191 How to Punch the Bag.
No. 289 Tumbling for Amateurs.
Group XV. Gymnastics
No. 104 Grading of Gymnastic Exer-
cises.
No. 214 Graded Cal isthenics and
Dumb Bell Drills.
No. 254 Barnjum Bar Bell Drill.
No. 158 Indoor and Outdoor Gym-
nastic Games.
No. 124 How to Become a Gymnast.
No. 287 Fancy Dumb Bell and March-
ing Drills.
Group
No. 161
No. 208
No. 149
No. 142
No. 185
No. 213
No. 238
No. 234
No. 261
No. 285
No. 288
No. 290
XVI.
Physical culture
Ten Minutes' Exercise for
Busy Men.
Physical Education and Hy-
giene.
Scientific Physical Training
and Care of the Body.
Physical Training Simplified.
Hints on Health.
285 Health Answers.
Muscle Building.
School Tactics and Maze Run-
ning.
Tensing Exercises.
Health by Muscular Gym-
nastics.
Indigestion Treated by Gym-
np sties.
Get Well : Keep Well.
Any of the Above Books Mailed Postpaid Upon
Receipt of 10 Cents
g ^ SPALDING ATHLETIC LmRARY/^
Group I. Base Ball
No. 1— Spaldins:'s Official
Base Ball Guide.
The leading Base Ball
annual of the country,
and the official authority
of the game. Edited by
Henry Chadwick, the
"Father of Base Ball."
Contains the official play-
ing rules, with an ex-
planatory index of the
rules compiled by Mr.
A. G. Spalding; pictures of all the
teams in the National, American and
minor leagues; official averages; re-
views of the season in all the pro-
fessionHl o^rganizations; college Base
Ball, and a great deal of interesting
Information. Price 10 cents.
No. 202— How to Play Base
Ball.
Edited by Tim Mur-
nane. New and revised
edition. illustrated
with pictures showing
how all the various
curves and drops are
thrown and portraits of
leading players. Con-
tents—art of pitching,
catching department, infield of a ball
team, playing the outfield, fine art of
batting, art of base-running, squeeze
play, delayed steal, art of throwing,
use of signals, short talks on a variety
of base ball topics, Spalding's simpli-
fied base ball rules, compiled especially
for boys by A. G. Spalding. Price 10
cents.
No. 223— How to Bat.
The most important
part of ball playing now
adays, outside of pitch
ing, is batting. The team
that can bat and has
some good pitchers can
win base ball games;
therefore, every boy and
young man who has, of
course, already learned to
catch, should turn his attention to
this department of the game, and
there is no better way of becoming
proficient than by reading this book
and then constantly practising the
little tricks explained. Price 10 cts.
No. 232— How to Run the
Bases.
The importance of base
running as a scientific!
feature of the national!
game is becoming morel
and more recognized each|
year. Besides being spec-
tacular, feats of base I
stealing nearly alwa
figure in the winning of I
a game. Many a close'
contest is decided on the winning of
that little strip of 90 feet which lies
between cushions. When hits are
few and the enemy's pitchers steady,
it becomec incumbent on the oppos-
ing team to get around the bases in
some manner. Effective stealing not
only increases the effectiveness of
the team by advancing its runners
without wasting hits, but it serves
to materially disconcert the enemy
and frequently has caused an entire
opposing club to temporarily lose its
poise and throw away the game.
This book gives clear and concise di-
rections for excelling as a base run-
ner; tells when to run and when not
to do so; how and when to slide;
team work on the bases; in fact,
every point of the game is thor-
oughly explained. Illustrated with
pictures of leading players. Price 10
cents.
No. 230— How to Pitcli.
A new, up-to-date book.
The object of this book
is to aid the beginners
who aspire to become
clever twirlers, and its
contents are the practi-
cal teaching of men who
have reached the top as
pitchers, and who know
how to impart a knowl-
edge of their art. All the big
leagues' pitchers are shown. Price
10 cents.
No. 229— How to Catch.
Undoubtedly the best
book on catching thatf
has yet been published.
Every boy who has hopes
of being a clever catcher]
should read how well-
known players cover their I
position. Among t h e|
more noted ones who de-
scribe their methods of
p^ay in this book are Lou Criger of
the Boston Americans and Johnnie
Kling of the Chicago Nationals. The
numerous pictures comprise all the
noted catchers In the big leagues.
Price 10 cents.
^XXSPALDING ATHLETIC imRARY/^
No. 225— How to Play First
Base.
No other position in a
ball team has shown
such a change for the
better in recent years as
first base. Modifications
in line with the better-
ment of the sport in
every department have
Iteen made at intervals,
but in no other depart-
ment have they been so radical. No
boy who plays the initial sack can
afford to overlook the points and
hints contained in this book. En-
tirely new and up to date. Illus-
trated with full-page pictures of all
the prominent first basemen. Price
10 cents.
No. 226— How to Play Second
Base.
There are so few men
who can cover second
base to perfection that
their names can easily
be called off by anyone
who follows the game of
base ball. Team owners
who possess such players
would not part with
them for thousands of
dollars. These men have been inter-
viewed and their ideas incorporated
in this book for the especial benefit
of boys who want to know the fine
points of play at this point of the
diamond. Illustrated with full-page
pictures. Price 10 cents.
No. 227— How to Play Third
Base.
Third base is, in some
respects, the most impor
tant of the infield. No
major league team has
ever won a pennant with
Dut a great third base
man. Cnllins of the Bos
ton Americans and Leach
uf Pittsburg are two of
the greatest third base-
men the game has ever seen, and
their teams owe much of the credit
for pennants they have won to
them. These men in this book de-
scribe just how they play the posi-
tion. Everything a player should
know is clearly set forth and any
boy will surely increase his chances
of success by a careful reading of
this book. Illustrated. Price 10
cents.
No. 228— How to Play Short-
Shortstop is one of the
hardest positions on the
iiiti.'ld to fill, and quick
thought and quick action
are necessary for a play-
er who expects to make
good as a shortstop. The
views of every well-
known player who cov-
ers this position have
been sought in compiling this book,
Illustrated. Price 10 cents.
No. 224— How to Play the
Outfield.
Compiled especially for
the young player who
would become an expert.
The best book on play-
ing the outfield that has
ever been published.
There are just as many
tricks to be learned, be-
fore a player can be a
competent fielder, a s
there are in any other position on a
nine, and this book explains them
all. Price 10 cents.
No. 231— How to Coach; How
to Captain a Team; How-
to Manage a Team; How^
to Umpire: How to Or-
sraiiize a League; Tech-
nical Terms of Base Ball.
A useful guide to all
who are interested in the
above subjects. Jimmy
Collins writes on coach-
ing; M. J. Kelly on cap-
taining; Al Buckenberger
on managing; Frank
Dwyer of the American
League staff on umpir-
ing; Fred Lake on minor
leagues, and the editor. T. H. Mur-
nane. President of the New England
League, on how to organize a league.
The chapters on Technical Terms of
Base Ball have been written by
Henry Chadwlck, the "Father of
Base Ball," and define the meaning
of all the terms peculiar to the Na-
tional Game. Price 10 cents.
No. 219— Ready Rechoner of
Base Ball Percentagres.
To supply a demand i
for a book which would
show the percentage of
clubs without recourse to |
the arduous work of fig
uring, the publishers I
have had these tables [
compiled by an expert.
Price 10 cents.
g^ SPALDING ATHLETIC LffiRARYy^
BASK BALL. ALXILL\RIES.
No. 291— Minor Leag^ue Base
Ball Guide.
The minors' own guide.
Contains pictures o f
leading teams, schedules,
report of annual meeting
National Association of
Professional Base Ball
Leagues, special articles
and official rules. Edited
by President T. H. Mur-
nane, of the New England League.
Price 10 cents.
No. 293— Official Hanclbook
of the IVational League
of Professional Base Ball
Clubs. Contains the Constitu-
tion, By-Laws, Official
Rules, Averages, and
schedule of the Na
tional League for the
current year, together
with list of club offi-
cers and reports of th.'
annual meetings of the
League. Every follower
of the game should have a copy of
this book if he wants to keep his
file of Base Ball books complete.
Price 10 cents.
Group 11. Foot Ball
No. 2— Spalding's Official
Foot Ball Guide.
Edited by Walter
Camp. Contains the new
rules, with diagram of
field; All- America teams
as selected by the lead-
ing authorities; reviews
of the game from vari-
ous sections of the coun-
try; scores of all the
leading teams; pictures
of hundreds of players,
cents.
No. 300— How to Play Foot
Ball.
Edited by Walter
I Camp. The contents em-
brace everything that a
beginner wants to know
I and many points that an
[expert will be glad to
learn. The pictures are
made from snapshots of
leading teams and play-
ers iu action, with com-
ments by Walter Camp. Price 10
cents.
Price 10
No. 2A— Spalding's Official
Association Soccer Foot
Ball Guide.
A complete and up-to-
date guide to the
"Soccer" game in the
United States, containing
instructions for playing
the game, official rules,
and interesting news
from all parts of the
country. Illustrated.
Price 10 cents.
No. 286— How to Play Soc-
cer.
Owing to the great
interest shown in "Soc-
cer" foot ball in Amer-
ica, the publishers have
had a book compiled iu
England, the home of the
sport, telling how each
position should be played,
written by the best play-
er in England in his re-
spective position, and illustrated
with full-page photographs of play-
ers in action. As a text-book of
the game this work is invaluable,
and no "Soccer" player can afford
to be without it. Price 10 cents.
FOOT BALL, AUXILIARIES.
No. 283- Spalding's Official
Canadian Foot Ball
Guide.
Edited by Frank D.
Woodworth, Secretary-
Treasurer Ontario Rugby
Foot Ball Union. The
official book of the game
in Canada. Price 10
cents.
No. 294— Official Intercolle-
giate Association Soccer
Foot Ball
Guide.
Contains the constitu-
tion and by-laws of the
Association, pictures of
the teams, and official
playing rules. Price 10
cents.
<^SPALDING ATHLETIC LffiRARY/T^
Group m. Cricket
No. 3— Simldin&'s Official
Cricket Guide.
Edited by Jerome Flau-
nery. The most com-
plete year book of the
pame that has ever been
iml.lisbed in America
Kt'ltorts of special
ui.ittbes, official rule:
and pictures of all the
li-ading teams. Price 10
ceuts.
No. 277— Cricket; and How
to Play it.
By Prince Ranjitslnhji.
Every department of
the game is described
concisely and illustrated
with full-page pictures
posed especially for this
book. The best book
of instruction on the
g a m e ever published.
I'rlce 10 cents.
Group IV.
Lawn
Tennis
No. 4— Spalclingr's Official
La^u Tennis Annual.
Edited by II. P. Bur-
chell, of the New York
Times. Contents include
a report of every impor
tant tournament played
in 1906, embracing th
National Championshii
sectional and State toui
naments; invitation and
open tournaments; inter-
collegiate and interscholastic cham-
pionships; women's national cham-
pionships; foreign championships; in-
door championships; official ranking
for each year from 1885 to 1900;
laws of lawn tennis; instructions for
handicapping; decisions on doubtful
points; regulations for the manage-
ment of tournaments; directory of
clubs; directions for laying out and
keeping a court; tournament notes.
Illustrated with pictures of leading
players. Price 10 cents.
No. 157— How to Play La^n
Tennis.
A complete description
of lawn tennis; a lesson
for beginners and direc-
tions telling how to
make the most impor-
tant strokes. Illustrated.
Price 10 cents.
No. 279— Strokes and Science
of L.aT*n Tennis.
By P. A. Vaile, a
leading authority on the
game in Great Britain.
Every stroke in the
game is accurately illus-
trated and analyzed by
the author. As a means
of affording a compari-
son between the Amer-
ican and the English
methods of play, this book is ex-
tremely useful. Price 10 cents.
Golf
Official
Group V.
No. 5— Spalding's
Golf Guide.
The leading annual of
the game in the United
States. Contains rec-
enis of all important
tnuinaments, articles on
tlie game in various sec-
tions of the countrv,
pictures of prominent
players, official playing
rules and general items
of interest. I'rice 10 cts.
No. 276— How to Play Golf.
By James Braid and
Harry Vardon. A glance at
the chapter headings
will give an idea of the
vari(>ty and value of the
(■ o n tents: Beginners'
wrong ideas; method of
tuition; choosing the
clubs; how to grip the
club; stance and address in driving;
the upward swing in driving, etc.;
Numerous full-page pictures of Cham-
pions Braid and Vardon in action add
to the book's attractiveness. Price 10
Group VI. Hockey
No. «— Spaldingr's Official Ice
Hockey Guide.
The official year book
of the game. Contains
the official rules, pictures
of leading teams and
players, records, review
of the season, reports
from different sections of
the United States and
Canada, and other valu-
able information. Prieo
10 cents.
g^ SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY //»
No. 154— Field Hockey,
To those in need of
vigorous and healthful
out-of-doors exer c i s e,
this game is recom-
mended highly. Its
healthful attributes are
manifold and the inter-
est of player and spec-
tator alike is kept ac-
> through out the
progress of the game. The game is
prominent in the sports at Vassar,
Smith. Wellesley, Bryn Mavri and
other leading colleges. Price 10 cents.
No. 188 — Lawn
Hockey, Garden
Hockey, Parlor
Hockey.
Containing the rules
for each game. Illus-
trated. Price 10 cents.
No. 180— Ring Hockey,
A new game for the
gymnasium, invented by
Dr. J. M. Vorhees of
Pratt Institute, , Brook
lyn, that has sprung
into instant popularity;
I as exciting as basket
ball. This book contains
I official rules. Price 10
cents.
HOCKEY AUXILIARY
No. 25«— Official Handbook
of the Ontario H ockey
Association.
Edited by W. A. Hew-
itt, of Toronto. Con-
tains the official rules
of the Association, con-
stitution, rules of com-
petition, list of officers,
and pictures of leading
players. Price 10 cents.
Group VII.
Basket
Ball
No. 7— Spalding's Official
Basket Ball Guide.
Edited by George T.
Hepbron. Contains the
revised official rules, de-
cisions on disputed
points, records of promi-
nent teams, reports on
the game from various
parts of the country,
and pictures of hundreds
of players. Price 10 cents.
No. 193— How to Play Basket
Ball.
By G. T. Hepbron,
editor of the Official
Basket Ball Guide. Con-
tains full instructions
for players, both for the
expert and the novice,
duties of officials, and
specially posed full-page
pictures showing the cor-
rect and incorrect meth-
ods of playing. The demand for a
book of this character is fully satis-
fled in this publication, as many
points are included which could not
be incorporated in the annual publi-
cation of the Basket Ball Guide for
want of room. Price 10 cents.
No. 260— Official Basket Ball
Guide for Women.
Edited by Miss Senda
Berenson, of Smith Col-
lege. Contains the of-
ficial playing rules of
the game and special ar-
ticles on the following
sul)jects: Games for
women, by E. Hitchcock,
Director of Physical
Training, and Dean of
College, Amherst College; condition
of women's basket ball in the Mid-
dle West, by W. P. Bowen, Michigan
State Normal College; psychological
effects of basket ball for women, by
Dr. L. H. Gulick; physiological ef-
fects of basket ball, by Theodore
Hough, Ph. D. ; significance of basket
ball for women, by Senda Berenson;
relative merit of the Y. M. C. A.
rules and women's rules, by Augusta
Lane Patrick; A Plea for Basket
Ball, by Julie Ellsbee Sullivan,
Teachers' College, New York; dia-
gram of field. Illustrated with
many pictures of basket ball teams.
Price 10 cents.
BASKET BALL. AUXILIARY.
No. 29»— Collesriate Basket
Ball Handbook.
The official publication
of the new Collegiate
Basket Ball Associa-
tion. Contains the of-
ficial rules, collegiate
and high school records,
All America selections,
reviews of the collegiate
basket ball season of
1905-6, and pictures of
all the prominent college teams and
individual players. Edited by H. A.
Fisher, of Columbia. Price 10 cts.
gx\ SPALDING ATHLETIC LffiRARY//^
Group VIII. Bowling
No. 8— Spaldinff's Official
Bowling: Guide.
Edited by S. Karpf,
Secretary of the Amer-
icaa Bowling Congress.
The contents include:
History of the sport;
diagrams of effective de-
liveries; how to bowl; a
few hints to beginners;
American Bowling Con-
gress; the national
championships; how to build an al-
ley; how to score; spares — how they
are made. Rules for cocked hat,
cocked hat and feather, quintet, bat-
tle game, nine up and nine down,
head pih and four back, ten pins —
head pin out, five back, the Newport
game, ten pin head. Price 10 cents.
Group IX.
Indoor
Base Ball
No. 9— Spaldingr's Official In-
door Base Ball Gnide.
America's nat i o n a 1 |
game is now vieing with
other indoor games as a
winter pastime. This
book contains the play-
ing rules, pictures of
leading teams from all |
parts of the country,
and interesting articles I
on the game by leading
authorities on the subject,
cents.
Price 10
Group X.
Polo
No. lO— Spalding's
Official Roller
Polo Guide.
Edited by J. C. Morse.
A full description of the
game; official rules, rec-
ords. Price 10 cents.
No. 129— W^ater Polo.
The contents of this
book treat of every de-
tail, the individual work
of the players, the prac-
tice of the team, how
to throw the ball, with
illustrations and many
valuable hints. Price
10 cents.
199— Elquestrlan Polo.
Compiled by H. L.
Fitzpatrick of the New
York Sun. Illustrated
v.ith portraits of lead-
ing players and contains
most useful information
for polo players. Price
10 cents.
_ „, Miscellane-
GroupXI. ous Games
No. 201— Lacrosse.
By William C.
Schmeisser. c «, p t a i n |
Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity champion intercol-
legiate lacrosse team of I
1902; edited by Ronald
T. Abercrombie, ex-cap-
tain and coach of Johns |
Hopkins University la-
crosse team, 1900-1904.
Every position is thoroughly ex-
plained in a most simple and concise
manner, rendering it the best manual
of the game ever published. Illus-
trated with numerous snapshots of
important plays. Price 10 cents.
No. 297— Official Handbook
U. S. Inter-Collegiate La-
crosse League.
Contains the constitution, by-
liiws, plaving rules, list of officers
and records of the association.
Price 10 cents.
No. 271— Spalding»s Official
Roque Guide.
The official publication
of the National Roque
Association of America.
Edited by Prof. CharleB
Jacobus, ex-cham p i o n,
Contains a description
nf the cowts and their
<(inst?ruction, diagrams
of the field, illustra-
tions, rules and valuable
information. Price 10 cents.
No. 138— Spalding's Official
Crociuet Guide
Contains directions for
playing, diagrams of im-
portant strokes, descrip-
tion of grounds, instruc-
tions for the beginner,
terms used in the game,
and the official playing
rules. Price 10 cents.
g ^ SPALDING ATHLETIC LffiRARY/^
No. 24S— Archery,
A new and up-to-date
book on this fascinating
pastime. Edited by Mr.
Louis Maxson of Wasli-
iiigton, D. C, ex-Na-
tional champion. Con-
ains a history of arch-
ery from its 'revival as a
pastime in the eighteenth
century to the present
time, with list of winners and scores
of the English Grand championships
from 1844; National Archery Associa-
tion of the United States winners
and scores; the several varieties of
archery; instructions for shooting;
how to select implements; how to
score; and a great deal of interest-
ing Informatioh on the game. Illus-
trated. Price 10 cents.
No. 194 — Racquets, Sqna.sli-
Racriuet.s and Court Ten-
nis.
The need of an au-
thoritative handbooli at
a popular price on these
games is filled by this
booli. How to play each
game is thoroughly ex-
plained, and all the dif-
licult stroliCS shown by
special photo graphs
taken especially for this
book. Contains the official rules for
each game, with photographs of
well-known courts. Price 10 cents.
No. 167— Quoits.
By M. W. Deshong.
The need of a book on
this interesting game
has been felt by many
who wished to know the
fine points and tricks
used by the experts.
Mr. Deshong explains
them, with illustrations,
so that a novice can
readily understand. Price 10 cents.
No. 170— Push Ball.
Played with an air-
Inflated ball 6 feet in
diameter, weighing about
50 pounds. A side con-
sists of eleven men.
This book contains the
ofiicial rules and a
sketch of the game; il-
lustrated. Price 10
•euts.
No. 1.-?— How to Play Hand
Ball.
By the world's cham-
pion, Michael Egan, of
Jerse.v City. This book
has been rewritten and
brought up to date in
every particular. Every
play is thoroughly ex-
plained by text and
diagram. The numerous
illustrations consist of
full pages made from photographs of
Champion Egan, showing him in all
his characteristic attitudes. Price
10 cents.
No. 14— Curling.
A short history of
this famous Scottish
pastime, with instruc-
ions for play, rules of
the game, definitions of
terms and diagrams of
different shots. Price
10 cents.
No. :i07— Bowling on the
Green; or, Lawn Bowls.
How to construct a
green; necessary equip-
ment; how to play the
game, and the official
rules as promulgated by
the Scottish Bowling
Association. Edited by
James W. Greig. Illus-
trated. Price lO cents.
No. 188— L,a>vn Games.
Cftntains the rules for
Lawn Hockey, Garden
Ildckey, Hand Tennis,
Teth.'r Tennis; also Vol-
ley Ball, Parlor Hockey,
Badminton, Basket Goal.
Price 10 cents.
No. 189— Children's Games.
Compiled by Jessie H.
Bancroft, director of
physical training, depart-
ment of education, New
York City. These games
are intended for use at
recesses, and all but the
team games have been
adapted to large classes.
Suitable for children
from three to eight years, and in-
clude a great variety. Price 10 cts.
"^SPALDING ATHLETIC LffiRARY/T^
Group Xn. Athletics
No. 12— Spalding's Official
Athletic Almanac.
Compilerl bj- J. E. Sul-
livan, Chief Department
I'liysical ("ulture, IjOuIs-
iana I'tireliase Exposi-
Dircctur Oljinpic
(Panics, 1'J(j4, Special
runuuissioner from the
I iiited States to the
Olympic Games at Ath-
ens, 1906, and President
of the Amateur Athletic Union, The
only annual publication now issued
that contains a complete list of ama-
teur best-on-records; complete inter-
collegiate records; complete English
records from 1866; swimming rec-
ords; interscholastic records; Irish,
Scotch, Continental, South African
and Australasian records; important
athletic events and numerous photos
of individual athletes and leading
athletic teams. Price 10 cents.
No. 27— Collesre Athletics.
M. C. Murphy, the
well-known athletic
trainer, now with Penn-
sylvania, the author of
this book, has written it
especially for the school-
boy and college man,
but it is invaluable for
the athlete who wishes
to excel in any branch
of athletic sport. The subjects com-
prise the following articles: Train-
ing, starting, sprinting; how to train
for the quarter, half, mile and longer
distances; walking; high and bmad
jumping; hurdling; pole vaulting;
throwing the hammer. It is profuse-
ly illustrated with pictures of lead-
ing athletes. Price 10 cents.
No. 182— All-Aronnd Ath-
letics.
Gives in full the
method of scoring the
A 11- Around Cham p i o n-
ship, giving percentage
tables showing what
each man receives for
e a c h performance in
each of the ten events.
It contains as well in-
structive articles on how
to train for the Ail-Around Cham-
pionship. Illustrated with many pic-
tures of champions in action and
scores at all-around meets. Price
10 cents.
\o. 15(>— Athlete's Guide.
How to become an
athlete. It contains full
instructions for the be-
ginner, telling how to
sprint, hurdle, jump and
throw weights, general
hints on training; in
fact, this book is one
of the most complete on
the subject that has
ever appeared. Special chapters con-
tain valuable advice to beginners and
important A. A. U. rules and their
explanations, while the pictures com-
|)rise many scenes of champions in
action. Price 10 cents.
No.
87 — Athletic Primer.
Edited by James E.
Sullivan, President of
the Amateur Athletic
Union. Tells how to or-
ganize an athletic club,
liuw to conduct an ath-
letic meeting, and gives
rules for the govern-
ment of athletic meet-
ings; contents also in-
' directions for building a track
laying out athletic grounds, and
ry instructive article on train-
fully illustrated with pictures of
ng athletes. Price 10 cents.
\o. 273— The Olympic Games
at Athens
A complete account of
the Olympic Games of
1006, at Athens, the
gieatest Internati o n a 1
Athletic Contest ever
leld. Containing a short
history of the games,
story of the American
team's trip and their
reception at Athens,
comi)lete list of starters in every
event; winners, their times and dis-
tances; the Stadium; list of winners
in previous Olympic Games at Ath-
ens, Paris and St. Louis, and a great
deal of other interesting information.
Comi)iled by J. E. Sullivan, Special
Commissioner from the United States
to the Olympic Games. Price 10 cts.
No. 252— How to Sprint.
A complete and de-
tailed account of how to
train for the short dis-
tances. Every athlete
who aspires to be a
sininter can study this
book to advantage and
gain useful knowledge.
Price 10 cents.
g X\ SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY/^
No. 255— How to Run 100
Yards.
By J. W. Morton, the
noted British champion.
Written by Mr. Morton
during his recent Amer-
ican trip, in 1905, es-
pecially for boys. Mr.
Morton knows how to
handle his subject, and
his advice and direc-
'tions for attaining
speed, will undoubtedly be of im-
mense assistance to the great ma-
jority of boys who have to rely on
printed instructions. Many of Mr.
Morton's methods of training are
novel to American athletes, but his
success is the best tribute to their
worth. Illustrated with photographs
of Mr. Morton in action, taken es-
pecially for this book in New York
City. Price 10 cents.
No. 174— Distance and Cross-
country Rnnningr.
By George Orton, the
famous University of
Pennsylvania runner.
Tells how to become
proficient at the quar-
ter, half, mile, the
longer distances, and
c r o s s-country running
and steeplechasing, with
instructions for training
and schedules to be observed when
preparing for a contest. Illustrated
with numerous pictures of leading
athletes in action, with comments by
the editor on the good and bad
points shown. Price 10 cents.
No. 259— Weight Tlirowing.
By James S. Mitchel,
Champion American
weight thrower, and
holder of American,
Irish, British and Cana-
dian champio n s h i p s.
Probably no other man
in the world has had
the varied and long ex-
perience of James S.
Mitchel in the weight throwing de-
partment of athletics. The book is
written in an instructive way, and
gives valuable information not only
for the novice, but for the expert as
well. Illustrated. Price 10 cents.
No. 246— Athletic Training
for Schoolboys.
This book is the most
complete work of its
kind yet attempted. The
compiler is Geo. W. Or-
ton, of the University
of Pennsylvania, a fa-
mous athlete himself
and who is well quali-
tied to give instructions
to the beginner. Each
event in the Intercollegiate pro-
gramme is treated of separately,
both as regards method of training
and form. By following the direc-
tions given, the young athlete will
be sure to benefit himself without the
danger of overworking as many have
done through Ignorance, rendering
themselves unfitted for their task
when the day of competition arrived.
Price 10 cents.
for Sc]
IVo. 55— Official
Rules.
Sporting
Contains rules not
found in other publica-
tions for the government
of many sports; rules
for wrestling, shuffle-
board, snowshoeing, pro-
fessional racing, pigeon
flying, dog racing, pistol
and revolver shooting,
British water polo rules,
Rugby foot baU rules. Price 10 et».
ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES.
No. 295— Official Handbook
of the A.A.U.
The A.A.U. is the
governing body of ath-
letes in the United
States of America, and
all games must be held
under its rules, which
are exclusively published
in this handbook, and a
copy should be in the
hands of every athlete
and every club officer in America.
This book contains the official rules
for running, jumping, weight throw-
ing, hurdling, pole vaulting, swim-
ming, boxing, wrestling, etc. Price
10 cents.
g^^ SPALDING ATHLETIC LffiRARY/^
No. 292— Official Intercolle-
giate A.A.A.A. Handbook.
Contains constitution,
by-laws, laws of ath-
k'tics and rules to gov-
ern the awarding of the
championship cup of the
Intercollegiate Athletic
Association of Amateur
Athletes of America,
the governing bodj' in
college athletics. Con-
tains official intercollegiate records
from 1876 to date, with the winner's
name and time in each event, list of
points won by each college, and list
of officers of the association from
1889. Price 10 cents.
No. 24.'5— Official Y.M.C.A.
Handbook.
Edited by G. T. Hep-
bron, the well-known
athletic authority. It
contains the official rules
governing all sports un-
der the jurisdiction of
the Y.M.C.A., a com-
plete report of the
physical directors' con-
ference, official Y.M.C.A.
scoring tables, pentathlon rules, many
pictures of the leading Y.M.C.A.
athletes of the country; official Y.M.
C.A. athletic rules, constitution and
by-laws of the Athletic League of
Y.M.C.A., all-around indoor test, vol-
ley ball rules; illustrated. Price 10
cents.
Tio. 2S1— Official Handbook
of the Public Schools
Athletic Lieagrue.
This is the official
handbook of the Public
SchMuls Athletic Leagu
which embraces all the
l)ublic schools of Greater
New York. It contains
the official rules tha
govern all the contests
of the league, and con
stitution, by-laws and
Edited by Dr. Luther Hal-
«ey Gulick, superintendent of phy
sical education in the New York
public schools. Illustrated. Price
10 cents.
No. 298— Intercol-
legiate Cross
Country Hand-
book.
Contains constitution
«nd by-laws, list of of-
ficers, and records of the
association. ^ Price 10
cent*. '
officers.
Group XIII. Athletic
Accomplishments
No. 177— How to Swim,
By J. H. Sterrett, a
leading American Bwim-
ming authority. The in-
structions will interest
the expert as well as the
novice; the illuatrationa
were made from photo-
graphs especially posed,
showing the Bwimmer in
clear water; a valuable
feature is the series of "land drill"
exercises for the beginner, which ia
Illustrated by many drawings. The
contents comprise: A plea for educa-
tion in swimming; swimming as an
exercise and for development; land
drill exercises; plain swimming; best
methods of learning; the brea«t
stroke, etc , etc Price 10 cents.
No. 396— Speed Swimmlngr.
By Champion C. M.
Daniels of the New
York Athletic Club team,
holder of numerous
American records, and
the best swimmer In
America qualified to
write on the subject.
Any boy should be able
to increase his speed in
the water after reading Ghamploa
Daniels' instructions on the subject.
Price 10 cents.
No. 12S— How to Row.
By E. J. Giannini, of
the New York A. C,
one of America's most
famous amateur oars-
men and champ! o n 8.
This book will instruct
any one who la a lover
of rowing how to be-
come an expert. It is
fully illustrated, show-
ing how to hold the oars, the finish
of the stroke and other information
that will prove valuable to the be-
ginner. Price 10 cents.
No. 23— Canoeing.
Paddling, sailing,
cruising and racing ca-
noes and their uses;
with hints on rig and
management; the choice
of a canoe; sailing ca-
noes; racing regula-
tions; canoe I n g and
camping. Fullj illus-
trated. Price 10 cents.
t^ SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY/^
No. 209— How to Become a
Skater.
Contains advice for be-
ginners; how to become
a figure skater thorough-
ly explained, with many
diagrams showing how
to do all the different
tricks of the best figure
skaters. Illustrated with
pictures of prominent
skaters and numerous
diagrams. Price 10 cents.
No. 282- Official Roller
Skating Guide.
Contains directions for
becoming proficient as a
fancy and trick roller
skater, and rules for
roller skating. Pictures
of prominent trick skat-
ers in action. Price 10
cents.
No. 178— How to Train for
Bicycling,
Gives methods of the
best riders when train
ing for long or short
distance races; hints
on training. Revised
and up-to-date in every
particular. Price 10
cents.
Group XIV. sjforts
No. 140— Wrestling.
Catch as catch can
style. By E. 11. Hitch-
cock, M.D., of Cornell,
and R. F. Nelligan, of
Amherst College. The
book contains nearly
seventy illustrations of
the different holds, pho-
tographed especially and
so described that any-
body who desires to become expert
in wrestling can with little effort
learn every one. Price 10 cents.
No. 18— Fencing-.
By Dr. Edward Breck,
of Boston, editor of the
Swordsman, and a promi-
nent amateur fencer. A
book that has stood the
test of time, and is uni-
versally acknowledged to
be a standard work. II-
Price 10 cents.
No. 162— Boxing Gaide.
For many years books
have been issued on the
art of boxing, but it
has remained for us to
arrange a book that we
think is sure to fill all
demands. It contains
over 70 pages of illus-
trations showing all the
latest blows, posed es-
pecially for this book under the
supervision of a well-known instruc-
tor of boxing, who makes a specialty
if teaching and knows how to im-
part his knowledge. Price 10 cents.
\o. 165— The Art of Fencing.
This is a new book by
Ktgis and Louis Senac,
nf New York, famous
instructors and leading
authorities on the sub-
ject. Messrs. Senac give
in detail how every
move should be made,
and tell - it so clearly
chat anyone can follow
the instructions. Price 10 cents.
No. 236— How to Wrestle.
^Yithout question the
most complete and up-
to-date book on wrest-
ling that has ever been
printed. Edited by F.
R. Toombs, and devoted
principally to special
poses and illustrations
by George H a c k e n-
schmidt, the "Russian
Lion." Price 10 cents.
No. 102— Ground Tumbling.
By Prof. Henry Walter
Worth, who was for
years physical director
"f the Armour Institute
of Technology. Any
boy, by reading this
book and following the
instructions, can become
proficient. Price 10 cents.
No. 28{>— Tumbling for Ama-
teurs, This book was special-
ly compiled for the use
of amateurs by Dr.
James T. Gwathmey,
director of the Vander-
bilt University Gymnas-
ium. Nashville, Tenn.
Every variety of the pas-
time is explained by
text and pictures, the
latter forming a very important fea-
ture of the book, over 100 different
positions being shown^ Price 10 eta.
'^SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY /7^
YOUNG i\
CORBETT J >
full page
No. 191— How to Puncli the
^"^' By W. H. Rothwell
("Young Corbett"). This
book is undoubtedly the
best treatise on bag
punching that has ever
been printed. Every va-
riety of blow used in
training ia shown and
explained. The pictures
c o m p rise thirty-three
reproductions of Young
Corbett as he appears while at work
in his training quarters. The photo-
graphs were taken by our special ar-
tist and cannot be seen in any other
publication. Fancy bag punching is
treated by a well-known theatrical
bag puncher, who shows the latest
tricks. Price 10 cents.
No. 143— Indian Clnbs and
Dumb-Bells.
Two of the most pop-
ular forms of home or
gymnasium exe r c i s e.
ITiis book is written by
A m e r i ca's amateur
champion club swinger,
J. H. Dougherty. It is
clearly illustrated, by
which any novice can
become an expert. Price 10 cents.
No. 166— How to Swing In-
dian Clubs.
By Prof. B. B. War-
man, the well-known ex-
ponent of physical cul-
ture. By following the
directions carefully any-
one can become an ex-
pert. Price 10 cents.
No. 200— Dumb-Bells.
This is undoubtedly
the best work on dumb-
bells that has ever bet-n
offered. The author,
Mr. G. Bojus, was for-
merly superintendent of
physical culture in the
Elizabeth (N. J.) public
schools, instructor at
Columbia University (New
York), instructor for four years at
the Columbia summer school and is
now proprietor of the Park Place
Gymnasium, at 14 Park Place, New
York City. The book contains 200
photographs of all the various exer-
Icises with the instructions in large,
readable type. It should be in the
hands of every teacher and pupil of
! physical culture, and is invaluable
for home exercise. Price 10 cents.
No. 262— Medicine Ball Ex-
ercises.
This book is not a
technical treatise, but a
series of plain and prac-
tical exercises with the
medicine ball, suitable
for boys and girls, busi-
ness and professional
men, in and out of gym-
nasium. Lengthy ex-
planation and technical
nomenclature have been avoided and
illustrations used instead. The exer-
cises are fascinating and attractive,
and avoid any semblance of drud-
gery. Edited by W. J. Cromie,
physical director Germantown (Pa.)
Y.M.C.A. Price 10 cents.
No. 29— Pulley Weight Exer-
cises.
By Dr. Henry S. An-
derson, instructor in
heavy gymnastics Yale
gymnasium, Ander son
Normal School, Chautau-
iina University. In con-
junction with a chest
njachine anyone with
this book can become
perfectly developed. Price 10 cents.
No. 283— Jiu Jitsu.
A complete description
of this famous Japanese
system of self-defence.
Each move thoroughly
explained and illustrat-
ed with numerous full-
page pictures of Messrs.
A. Minami and K. Ko-
yama, two of the most
famous exponents of the
art of Jiu Jitsu, who posed espe-
cially for this book. Be sure and
ask for the Spalding Athletic Library
liook on Jiu Jitsu. Price 10 cents.
Group XV.
Gymnastics
No. 104— The Grading of
Gymnastic Exercises.
By G. M. Martin, I
Physical Director of the
Y. M. C. A. of Youngs-
town, Ohio. It is a
book that should be in
the hands of every phy-
sical director of the
Y. M. C. A,, school,
club, college, etc. Price 10 cents.
■i^ SPALDING ATHLETIC LffiRARY/^
No. 214— Graded Calisthen-
ics and Damb-Bell Drills.
By Albert B. Weg-
ener, Physical Director
Y. M. C. A., Rochester,
N. Y. Ever since graded
apparatus work has
been used in gymnas-
tics, the necessity of
having a mass drill that
would harmonize with it
has been felt. For years
It has been the established custom in
most gymnasiums of memorizing a
set drill, never varied from one
year's end to the other. Conse-
quently the beginner was given the
same kind and amount as the older
member. With a view to giving uni-
formity the present treatise is at-
tempted. Price 10 cents.
No. 254— Barn jam
Bar Bell Drill.
Edited by Dr. R. Tait
McKenzie, Director Phy-
sical Training, Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania.
Profusely lllustr a t e d.
Price 10 cents.
No. 158— Indoor and Outdoor
Gymnastic Games.
Without question one
of the best books of its
kind ever published.
Compiled by Prof. A. M.
Chesley, the well-known
Y. M. C. A. physical di-
rector. It is a book
that will prove valuable
to indoor and outdoor
gym nasiums. schools,
outings and gatherings where there
are a number to be amused. The
games described comprise a list of
120, divided into several groups.
Price 10 cents.
No. 124— Ho\v to Become a
Gymnast.
By Robert StoU, of
the New York A. C, the
American champion on
the flying rings from
1885 to 1892. Any boy
who frequents a gym-
nasium can easily fol-
low the illustrations and
Instructions in this book
and with a little prac-
tice become proficient on the hori-
«ontal and parallel bars, the trapeze
or the "horse." Price 10 cents.
No. 287— Fancy Dumb Bell
and Marcbing' Drills.
By W. J. Cromie,
Pliysical Director Ger-
mantown (Pa.) Y.M.
C.A. The author says:
All concede that games
and recreative exercises
during the adolescent
period are preferable to
set drills and monoton-
ous movements. If we
can introduce this game-and-play
element in our gymnastic exercises,
then dumb bells will cease to be the
boy's nightmare, and he will look
forward with expectancy to mass
work as much as he formerly did to
"shooting a goal." These drills,
while designed primarily for boys,
can be used successfully with girls
and men and women. Profusely il-
lustrated. Price 10 cents.
Group XVI. cufture
No. 161— Ten Minutes' Exer-
cise for Busy Men.
By Dr. Luther Halsey
Gulick, Director of Phy-
sical Training in the
New York public schools.
Anyone who is looking
for a concise and com-
plete course of physical
education at home would
do well to procure a
copy of this book. Ten
minutes' work as directed in exercise
anyone can follow. It already has
had a large sale and has been highly
recommended by all who have fol-
lowed its instructions. Price 10 cts.
No, 208— Physical Education
and Hygricne.
This is the fifth of
the Physical Training
series, by Prof. E. B.
Warman (see Nos. 142,
149, 166, 185, 213, 261,
290). A glance at the
contents will show the
variety of subjects: Chap-
ter I — -Basic principles;
longevity. Chapter II — ■
Hints on eating; food values; the
uses of salt. Chapter III — Medicinal
value of certain foods. Chapter IV —
The efficacy of sugar; sugar, food
for muscular work; eating for
strength and endurance; fish as
brain food; food for the children.
Chapter V — Digesitibility; bread; ap-
pendicitis due to flour, etc., etc.
Price 10 ceutSk
g^ SPALDING ATHLETIC LmRARY/T"
<^
No. 149— The Care of the Body.
A book that all who
value health should read
and follow its instruc-
tions. By Prof. B. B.
W a r m a D, the well-
known lecturer and au-
thority on physical cul-
ture. Price 10 cents.
No. 142— Physical Training
Simplified.
By Prof. E. B. War-
man, the well-known
physical culture expert.
Is a complete, thoroujih
and practical book where
the whole man is con-
sidered — brain and body.
Price 10 cents.
No. 185— Health Hints.
By Prof. f:. p.. Warman.
the well-known lecturer
and authority on physi-
cal culture. Prof. War-
man treats very inter-
estingly of health in-
fluenced by insulation;
health influenced by un-
derwear; health influenced
by color; exercise. Price 10 cent*.
No. 213— 285 Health ^.n^wers.
By prof. B. B. Warman.
Contents: Necess i t y
for exercise in the sum-
mer; three rules for bi-
cycling; when going up-
hill; sitting out on sum-
mer nights; ventilating
a bedroom; ventilating a
house; how to obtain
I'ure air; bathing; salt
water baths at home; a
substitute for ice water; to cure in
Bomnia; etc. etc, Price 10 cents.
No. 238— Muscle Baildingr.
By Dr. L. 11. Gulick,
Director of Physi c a 1
Training in the New
York public schools. A
complete treatise on the
correct method of ac-
(julring strength. Illus-
trated. Price 10 cents.
No. 2.34— School Tactics and
Maze Running:.
A series of drills for
the use of schools.
Edited by Dr. Luther
Halsey Gulick, Director
of Physical Training in
the New York public
Bcbools. Price 10 cents.
No. 261— Tensingr Exercisea.
By Prof. E. B. War-
man, and uniform with
his other publications on
Scientific Physical Train-
ing (see Spalding's Ath-
letic Library Nos. 142,
149, 166, 185, 208. 213,
29<;). The "Tensing" or
"Resisting" system of
muscular exercises is the
most thorough, the most complete,
the most satisfactory, and the most
fascinating of systems. Price 10 cts.
No. 285— Health; by Muscu-
lar Gymnastics.
With hints on Right
Living. By W. J.
Cromie, Physical Direc-
tor Germantown (Pa.)
Y.M.C.A. The author
says: "Seeing the great
need for exercise among
the ma.sses and knowing
that most books on the
subject are too expen-
sive or too difficult to comprehend,
the author felt it his privilege to
write one which is simple and the
price of which is within the reach
of all. If one will practise the
exercises and observe the hints there-
in contained, he will be amply re-
paid for so doing." Price 10 cents.
No. 288— Indiiirestion Treated
by Gymnastics
By W. J. Cromie,
Physical Director Ger-
mantown (Pa.) Y.M.
C.A. This book deals
with the causes, symp-
toms and treatment of
constipation and indi-
gestion. It embraces
diet, water cure, menta
culture, massage ana
photographic illustrations of exer-
cises which tend to cure the above
diseases. If the hints therein con-
tained are observed and the exercises
faithfully performed, most forms of
the above diseases will be helped,
Price 10 cents.
No. 290— Get Well;
Well.
This is a series of
chapters by Prof. E. B.
Warman, the author of
a number of books in
t h e Spalding Athletic
Mbrary on physical train-
ing. The subjects are all
svritten in a clear and
convincing style. Price
10 cents.
Keep
m
:=Da
£^^30)
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY
Group II No. 300
SPALDING'S
HOW TO PLAY
FOOT BALL
A Primer on the Modern College Game
With Tactics Brought Down to Date
EDITED BY
WALTER CAMP
^ . <*■
New Edition — Revised for 1907
Published by the
AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING COMPANY
21 Warren Street, New York
=xXr
Copyright. 1907
BY
American Sports Publishing Company
New York
CONTENTS
The All-America Foot Ball Team of 1906,
All-America Teams from 1889 to 1906
An Introductory Chapter for Beginners
How to Play Foot Ball
The Forward Pass and On-Side Kick
How to Play Quarter-Back
Play of the Backs .
Signals . . • .
Four-Men Formation Plays
Training for Foot Ball
What a Foot Ball Player Needs .
5
14
17
29
43
S3
71
87
106
119
123
5^
«5-g?J5G
rt-S-rt) S'—M WJi+tt! P Hh'T
2 (D a S'^ '^ .<: "^ P o o ^
&' "< 5 i-< -I O y»7-( "^
P !=ft;
Mj >— ►-. c «-•
■o»^2 o'm p G
B — -^ ? — » rr^ P95
9^ O-'^ O 9g 3
3 H,^3^^-^ m
— CO „. C-m n
C^« S« CliO O 3 C o i-<
.. on>P(-t-"^CL^-<!o<^
.— r+-?'MP^r+3ai352
3--.§^^^^^|g
o^ 3
w
'»p'S^^H'^E5^'^=:d'
o5-S=«?a-S.jr« 3H-
a"-^ B'x M S-r+o-2 p"
s--.3ph^S-® o s-S-S
re rt-rt-o 3^recr35r'--a
2 3 c;<5'hk3 "" p O-P 3
g.^^o t+S'S "^ (t lyi:!.
^ w 3 Z. p": a.3 p S ?r
53505,re 35 3-3 |-a<»2
a.
5
FT
'
160 FEET
CC CT AIM
.
5
FT
oori.9 11^. 1 p w
01 1. ^IM.
-
-80
FEET
ao^
^
80
FEET
r
t-*
F^
tc
CO
CO
rf^
rfi.
§
(a)
CO
m
,
■i
CO
y
en
_
GO
AL
T-J
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
THE AI ,1 -AMERICA FOOT
BAI,I, TEAM, 1906
BY WALTER CAMP.
Copyright, 1906, by P. F. Collier & Sou.
r*1
SSIIHtlSSIIS
First Eleven. Second Eleven. Third Eleven.
End Forbes, Yale. Dague, Annapolis. Levene, Pennsylvania.
Tackle Biglow, Yale. Draper, Pennsylvania. Weeks, West Point.
Guard Burr, Harvard. Ziegler, Pennsylvania. Kersberg, Harvard.
Center Dunn, Penn. State. Hockenberger, Yale. Hunt, Indians.
Guard Thompson, Cornell, Dillon, Princeton. Christy, West Point.
Tackle Cooney, Princeton. Osborn, Harvard. Northcroft, Annapolis.
End Wister, Princeton. Marshall, Minnesota. Exendine, Indians.
Quarter Eckersall, Chicago. Jones, Yale. E. Dillon, Princeton.
Half-back .Mayhew, Brown. Hollenback, Penn. Morse, Yale.
Half-back.. Knox, Yale. Wendell, Harvard. Manier, Vanderbilt.
Full-back . . Veeder, Yale. McCormick, Princeton. Garrels, Michigan.
The foot ball season of 1906 proved conclusively that possession
of the ball had become too valuable under the old rules. Owing
to the improvement of the attack by concentrated mass plays,
a first-class team under the five-yard rule could push its way
two to three yards at a time for half the length of the field to a
touchdown. The fact that this was possible made it poor foot ball
policy to attempt a run on the wings or open play with the
risk of losing the ball. The ten-yard rule requiring double the
distance to be gained in three downs forced open play at once.
One would hardly risk a forward pass when he had the old five-
yard rule. The changes have worked out to give us a game
pleasing to the spectator, lessening the number of injuries, less
exhausting on the players, and admitting of greater strategy and
less dependence upon brawn.
And the point above all to be borne in mind is the excellent
balance of the various departments of the play. A game all
kicking would speedily pall ; a game where the ball was thrown
indiscriminately all over the field would soon lack interest ; a
game that was all end runs and no attacks upon the middle of
the line would become monotonous. The game as it stands is
balanced by these various plays in a way that not even the most
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
expert coach could have foreseen, and it gives
all kinds of men an opportunity. The light,
active dodger is sought after, but he has not
wholly supplanted the big, powerful man for
the middle of the line. The heavyweight
who may be too clumsy for other sports may
be just the bulwark for the middle of the line
and need not be abandoned for the greater
activity of the small man. A fast man and a
good kicker are
necessities ; the
long passer is
coming into great
demand ; there
must be one abso-
lutely sure catcher
of punts ; there
should be a drop
Forlirs, Y;.I
End
or place kicker;
the majority o f
the men must be
good t a c k 1 e r s,
and altogether
any weakness of
any kind in any
department of the
game is likely to
prove disastrous to the team exhibiting that
weakness.
-Having secured a game as well balanced as
this, the public and authorities will be right-
fully unwilling to risk its loss through retro-
gression or experimentation. Less distance to
be gained in three down will mean a return
to mass plays. Greater freedom of the for-
ward pass will make that pass a matter of
Biglow, Yale
Tackle
Burr, Harvard
Guard
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
luck instead of specific skill on the part of
the passer and the man who is to catch the
ball. Besides, by taking off the restrictions
we should run the risk of bringing back the
mass plays on tackle by the forcing back of
still another man on the defense. This would
weaken the line to such an extent that mass
plays might quite possibly yield the necessary
gains. The general desire is to have the rules
crystallize, to permit them to exhibit such
further possibilities as they may offer, and take
no chance, by starting alterations, of disturbing
the present balance.
That seems to be the lesson of the season,
but in order to keep it before the mind it
ought to be pressed home with emphasis.
A FAMOUS ELEVEN.
In December, 1889, the writer, in a weekly
publication issued in New
York, described what he
called, for lack of a better
title, "The All-America
Foot Ball Team." It may
be of interest to note the
men who formed that first
collection of star players, and whom he re-
garded as the best eleven men in their posi-
tions :
Ends — Stagg of Yale and Cumnock of
Harvard.
Tackles — ^Cowman of Princeton and Gill of
Yale.
Guards — Heffelfinger of Yale and Cranston
of Harvard.
Center — George of Princeton.
Quarter-back — Poe of Princeton,
Half-backs — Lee of Harvard and Channing
of Princeton.
Full-back — Ames of Princeton.
This, then, was the first All-America team.
and, in spite of the annual list of players
selected by the writer during the years that
have followed, surely those who remember Thompson, Cornell
these men would be delighted to see them as Guard
Dunn, Penn. State
Center
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
they were in that day take part in the present
game of 1906, and many believe that that team,
even against stars of to-day, would quite hold
its own.
Since those days the number of candidates
for teams and the number of men in the squad
have grown to such an extent that it is ad-
mitted by all that no first-class team would for
a minute think themselves equipped with less
than thirty available men. Hence, in the selec-
tion of a national team one ought not to be
satisfied with a lesser number, particularly
inasmuch as on almost all the teams this year
men are not graded as first and second eleven
men, and it is often a question between two
men which shall be put in first and which
take his place later in the game. In almost all
the big universities three complete elevens are
carried through the season, and for this reason
the writer has annually _
■ selected three elevens to
make up the team, and he
might as a coach of such a
national team put in under
certain conditions a man
named in the third rather
than a man named in the first for some par-
ticular work required on the occasion.
Forbes of Yale proved himself an ideal end
under the present rules. He had been the
fastest tackle on the gridiron in getting down
the field on kicks. With all his speed he
weighed as much as any ordinary guard, and,
although at times the momentum of his
weight caused him to overrun his mark, no
back was strong enough to push him off when
once he reached his man. His defensive work
was good throughout, while on the offence
no better man could have been chosen to go
back of the line and lead the backs or plunge
himself. '
He was not used in the Princeton game to
carry the ball until the second half, but when
he was sent had little difficulty in making his Wister, Princeton
distance. And when he stood in the gap mask- End
Cooney, Princeton
Tackle
Copyright by B. F. McManuB,
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LILRAUY.
ing play for Linn and the other backs in the
latter part of the Harvard contest he showed
his broad conception of the play.
Wister of Princeton was good in all-round
end work, tackling, and getting down the field,
thoroughly reliable, and in addition to this
was a particularly graceful and clean handler
of the forward pass. The Princeton system
on the forward pass did not clear away the
opponents for the runner as did Yale's, but in
spite of this Wister, by his ability to catch the
ball on a run when haff-way turned, made him-
self particularly valuable.
He was well built, and had been rather
saved out from foot ball until he should secure
his mature strength, and. being clever and
adaptable, he picked up the game with ex-
treme rapidity this year.
Of the other ends that should be noted and who
would, save in such star com-
pany, have been All-America
"ends, are Alcott of Yale,
Parry of Chicago, Scarlett of
Pennsylvania, Starr of Har-
vard, Blake of Vanderbilt,
and Hoagland of Princeton.
Bigelow of Yale, as a tackle, needs no intro-
duction to lovers of the sport. Absolutely
steady, never caught napping, quiet, determined
and powerful, he wa'' the star man of the year
for the position. He was /ery fast in getting
down the field, certain in his tackling, and in
his defensive work a very hard man for in-
terferers to get out of thj way. His style was
not at all showy; there was no great rush
when he started forward, but somehow or
other he always managed to keep going
straight at the runner in spite of interference,
and usually reached him. Bigelow adapted
himself to the new game with remarkable '
facility, particularly in the way of taking on-
side kicks and forward passes. He was a
student of the bound of the ball far beyond
that of any other tackle of the year. In the Veeder, Yale
Harvard game, after blocking the kick, he did Full-back
Eckersall, Chicago
Quarter-back
10
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
not secure the ball for what looked like a
certain touchdown. The chances were that
the ball would strike on its end and come up
to the desired height for him to run on with
it. He gave it every chance to do this, but
finding it still lying fiat was obliged to fall
on it.
Cooney of Princeton was better than last
year, owing to better physical condition and
less of the worries of captaincy. Always a
stalwart man in defence, he proved excep-
tionally good in that respect this year and
made good openings for his men through
which to come. He was also an able assistant
to Captain Dillon in judgment, and his ex-
perience of the former season v/as particularly
valuable in this respect. Furthermore, he was
on the watch always when his side was on
the offensive to see "that nobody broke through
between him and guard and
followed up the play. Many
tackles have been careless
in this respect, and it has
been expensive for their
team. It was he who in
the second half of the Cor-
nell game became the bulwark of defence to
his team by his solution of certain parts of the
Cornell attack, and he it was who did much
to check Yale's assault later in the year.
SOME OF THE GOOD LINE MEN.
Among the tackles outside of those named
in the teams above, Horr of Syracuse comes
very close, and at times was competent to dis-
place some of them.
Pullen of West Point, had he not met with
an accident, would undoubtedly have made the
position. Wauseka of the Indians was another
most reliable man, and Paige of Yale, in spite
of its being his first season, showed splendid
capabilities.
Burr of Harvard, as stated in these columns
last year,_ and as practically confessed by all
critics this year, is, in addition to his punting
W-
Mayhew, Brown
Half-back
,„•#*
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 11
ability, a first-class guard. He played the position well. He
is powerful, active, has foot ball sense, and can be relied upon to
extend himself to his limit no matter what the odds may be
against him. When to all this is added his ability as a distance
kicker, it is no wonder that he is regarded as an especially valu-
able man.
In the Yale game he repeatedly took passes which came from
his center rolling along the ground, and in spite of every handi-
cap managed to get the ball up and get it off for his kick without
being blocked. Any one of these poor passes might have lost
an ordinary game, and there would have been no fault found with
the kicker had he failed to get the ball off. Burr handled each
one of them well, just as he did last year, only under even
more adverse conditions. He kicks a long ball and gets it
high enough so that his ends can cover a good portion of the
kick.
Thompson of Cornell was probably the most powerful guard
playing on the gridiron this year, and in the game against Prince-
ton, when they put the plays across and over him and out on
his wing, Cornell went through the Princeton team without diffi-
culty, and in this attack eventually secured a touchdown. It
was this very ability of Thompson that led to Cornell's final
undoing at Pennsylvania when her team had the ball on the
very goal line, and yet in several trials were unable to put it
over. They sent their plays up into the center, where they
thought they could rely upon the power of Thompson. But no
man is good enough to do all the work, and particularly not in
the present game, if the opponents know that he is to be selected
to do it. Not a Heffelfinger or a Hare could break through or
force back a line which had been warned in advance of that one
particular spot.
Of the guards, Erwin and Brides of Yale were a fine pair, and
could hold their own in any company, as could also Krueger and
Krider of Swarthmore, Pevear of Dartmouth, Stannard of
Princeton, and Dillon c f the Indians.
Dunn of Penn. State was the best center of the season, and
it was he who led his team to such remarkable results, a good
deal of it depending upon Dunn himself. He weighs just under
two hundred, is something over six feet in height, and absolutely
reliable in his passing, secure in blocking, active in breaking
through, and in diagnosing pl^ys. He was a stumbling-block to
Yale, and proved to be a similar difficult proposition for all the
teams that met Penn. State. Some idea of his record and accom-
plishments may be gathered from the fact that his team' was
never scored upon save by Yale, although their schedule included
12 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
games with Yale, Carlisle Indians, and the Navy. Captain
Dunn's team defeated the Carlisle Indians, and performed a
similar feat with the Navy. He persistently broke through and
blocked kicks. Able to run the hundred inside of eleven seconds,
he was down under his own side's kicks with the ends. Beyond
all and giving him added worth was his earnestness of purpose
and character.
Of other strong centers, there were Parker of Harvard, whose
only weakness was occasional poor passes for kicks, Newman of
Cornell, Stone of Vanderbilt, Sultan of West Point, and Dwyer of
Pennsylvania.
Eckersall of Chicago, in a season when drop-kicking has been
most valuable, possessed the same abilities of the quarter-back
which gave him the position last year, and in addition, even to
greater perfection, the qualities of a drop-kicker. Unfortunately,
in one or two of his games, the field was a sea of mud, and it
was impossible for any one to bring off these kicks, but, outside
of O'Brien of Swarthmore, he has been the only drop-kicker
who has been a really consistent menace to the opposing goals.
In his last game — that with Nebraska — he kicked no less than
five. But it is the combination of qualities thaf entitles him to the
place rather than any one excellence. He is a good general, and
like Jones of Yale can get his work out of his team; he is a
wonderful punter, kicking as far as Burr, and with Veeder's
accuracy; he is a deadly tackier, about the only man I ever saw
who knew just how to reach a man like Heston in a broken
field, and he can run back a kick with "Eddie" Dillon of
Princeton.
^ The quarter-back position has been one in which it is par-
ticularly hard to make a selection. There have been many this
season who would have eclipsed the stare of other years. Beyond
those noted in the above All-America team, there are Norton
of the Navy, who showed excellent judgment in running his
team ; O'Brien of Swarthmore, probably, outside of Eckersall,
the best drop-kicker on the gridiron ; Schwartz of Brown, a
clever performer; Libby of the Indians, a sure catcher; and
Lawrence of Pennsylvania, who with such short experience
developed into a capable general.
Mayhew of Brown was the most remarkable half-back of the
year, and gave more trouble to opposing teams than anybody
else, particularly when one considers the games in which he
played. He was very fast, quick at seeing his opportunity, and
a sure handler of the ball, and, on the whole, first class in every
department of the play. His tackling was strong, sharp and clean,
and he had the keenest of eyes for the ball.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 13
Knox of Yale made longer runs against the strongest defensive
teams than any other man on the gridiron. It was he who ran
more than half the length of the field through the Brown team,
and performed a similar feat against West Point as well as in
Yale's final game of the year, that with Harvard. Against a
team which was at the top of its game, Knox went from the
middle of the, field in spite of attempted tackles down almost to
the goal line, only being finally stopped by Wendell from behind.
It was Knox also who did the sure catching of punts for Yale
in the Princeton game, and he was the man who, standing alone
between the runner and Yale's goal line, stopped Dillon of
Princeton when he was making a run almost as good as that
which Knox later made in the Harvard game. He was an excel-
lent performer of the on-side kick in its most approved fashion.
FAST MEN BEHIND THE LINE.
The field of half-backs was an exceptional one, and most of
the teams which had first and second strings had some difficulty
in selecting their men.
Linn of Yale was one of the stars in the second half of both
Yale's games. Roome of Yale, incapacitated through a large
portion of the season by injury, was unable to do himself justice.
Harlan and Roulon-Miller of Princeton were both first class,
as were also Hubbard of Amherst, Chalmers of Lafayette, Greene
and Farwell of Pennsylvania, and Mount Pleasant of the Indians,
also Gibson of Cornell and Bomar of Yale.
Hill of West Point, Spencer of the Navy, and Curtiss of Brown
all come in for a good share of praise.
Veeder of Yale was the best forward passer (a province of
especial importance in the game this year) seen on the field
during the season. It was he who, with one long sweep of his
arm, placed Yale within scoring distance both in the Harvard
and Princeton games. He concealed his eventual intention well,
took plenty of time, and could deliberately hurl the ball for a
considerable distance and with remarkable accuracy.
Besides that, he was a long-distance and very accurate punter
and a sure catcher of punts. He did all this work for his team
in the Harvard game, and not only caught the ball with cer-
tainty, but usually managed to dodge the first man on his run
back.
His kicking out from his own goal when his team had twice
been penalized was as cool a piece of work as has been seen
during the season, and upon that steadiness depended the result.
Among the other backs, Sieber of Gettysburg stood out
strongly, as did Peterson of Tufts and Wolder of Cornell.
14
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
ALL-AMERICA TEAMS FROM 1889 TO 1906.
1889
Cumnock, Harvard.
Cowan, Princeton.
Cranston, Harvard.
George, Princeton.
Heffelflnger, Yale.
Gill, Yale.
Stagg, Yale.
Poe, Princeton.
Lee, Harvard.
Channing, Princeton.
Ames, Princeton.
1890
Hallowell, Harvard.
Newell, Harvard.
Riggs, Princeton.
Cranston, Harvard.
Heffelflnger, Yale.
Rhodes, Yale.
Wcrren, Princeton.
Dean, Harvard.
Corbett, Harvard.
McClung, Yale.
Homans, Princeton.
1891
Hinkey, Yale.
Winter, Yale.
Heffelflnger, Yale.
Adams, Pennsylvania
Riggs, Princeton.
Newell, Harvard.
Hartwell, Yale.
King, Princeton.
Lake, Harvard.
McClung, Yale.
Homans, Princeton.
1892
Hinkey, Yale.
Wallis, Yale.
Waters, Harvard.
Lewis, Harvard.
Wheeler, Princeton.
Newell, Harvard.
Hallowell, Harvard.
McCormick, Yale.
Brewer, Harvard.
King, Princeton.
Thayer, Pennsylvania.
1893
Hinkey, Yale.
Lea, Princeton.
W'heeler, Princeton.
Lewis, Harvard.
Hickok, Yale.
Newell, Harvard.
Trenchard, Princeton.
King, Princeton.
Brewer, Harvard.
Morse, Princeton.
Butterworth, Yale.
1894
Hinkey, Yale.
Waters, Harvard.
W^heeler, Princeton.
Stillman, Yale.
Hickok, Yale.
Lea, Princeton.
Gelbert, Pennsylvania
Adoe, Yale.
Knipe, Pennsylvania.
Brooke, Pennsylvania.
Butterworth, Yale.
1895
Cabot, Harvard.
Lea, Princeton.
Wharton, Pennsylvania.
Bull, Pennsylvanfa.
Riggs, Princeton.
Murphy, Yale.
Gelbert. Pennsylvania.
Wyckoff, Cornell.
Thorne, Yale.
Brewer, Harvard.
Brooke, Pennsylvania.
1896
Cabot, Harvard.
Church, Princeton.
Wharton, Pennsylvania.
Gailey, Princeton.
Woodruff, Pennsylvania.
Murphy, Yale.
Gelbert, Ptninsylvania.
Fincke, Yale.
Wrightington, Harvard.
Kelly, Princeton.
Baird, Princeton.
1897
Cochran, Princeton.
Chamberlain, Yale.
Hare, Pennsylvania.
Doucette, Harvard.
Brown, Yale.
Outland, Pennsylvania
Hall, Yale.
DeSaulles, Yale.
Dibblee, Harvard.
Kelly, Princeton.
Minds, Pennsylvania.
Palmer, Princeton.
Hillebrand, Princeton.
Hare, Pennsylvania.
Overfield, Pennsylvania.
Brown, Yale.
Chamberlain, Yale.
Hallowell, Harvard.
Daly, Harvard.
Outland, Pennsylvania.
Dibblee, Harvard.
Hirschberger, Chicago.
Campbell, Harvard.
Hillebrand, Princeton.
Hare, Pennsylvania.
Overfield. Pennsylvania.
Brown, Yale.
Stillman, Yale.
Poe, Princeton.
Daly, Harvard.
Seneca, Indians.
McCracken, Pennsylvania.
McBride, Yale.
1900
Campbell, Harvard.
Bloomer, Yale.
Brown, Yale.
Olcott, Yale.
Hare, Pennsylvania.
Stillman, Yale.
Hallowell. Harvard.
Fincke, Yale.
Chadwick, Yale.
Morley, Columbia.
Hale. Yale.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
16
1901
Campbell, Harvard.
Cutts, Harvard.
Warner, Cornell.
Holt, Yale.
Lee, Harvard.
Bunker, West Point.
Davis, Princeton.
Daly, West Point.
Kernan, Harvard.
Weekes, Columbia.
Graydon, Harvard.
1902
Shevlin, Yale.
Hogan, Yale.
DeWitt, Princeton.
Holt, Yale.
Glass, Yale.
Kinney, Yale.
Bowditch, Harvard.
Rockwell, Yale.
Chadwick, Yale.
Bunker, West Point.
Graydon, Harvard.
1903.
Henry, Princeton.
Hogan, Yale.
DeWitt, Princeton.
Hooper, Dartmouth.
A. Marshall, Harvard.
Knowlton, Harvard.
Rafferty, Yale.
Johnson, Carlisle.
Heston, Michigan.
Kafer, Princeton.
Smith, Columbia.
1904
Shevlin, Yale.
Cooney, Princeton.
Piekarski, Pennsylvania.
Tipton, West Point.
Kinney, Yale.
Hogan, Yale.
Eckersall^ Chicago.
Stevenson, Pennsylvania.
Hurley, Harvard.
Heston, Michigan.
Smith, Pennsylvania.
1905
Shevlin, Yale.
Lamson, i'tmsylvania.
Tripp, Yale.
Torrey, Pennsylvania.
Burr, Harvard.
Squires, Harvard.
Glaze, Dartmouth.
Eckersall, Chicago.
Uuome, Yale.
Iluhhard. Amherst.
McCormick, Princeton.
1906
Forbes, Yale.
Biglow, Yale.
Burr, Harvard.
Dunn, Penn State.
Thompson, Cornell.
Cooney, Princeton.
Wister, Princeton.
Eckersall, Chicago.
Mayhew, Brown.
Knox, Yale.
Veeder, Yale,
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY
17
AN INTRODUCl DRY CHAPTER
FOR BEGINNERS
BY WALTER CAMP.
nossimiisti
Those who are taking up the sport for the first time should
observe certain rules which will enable them to become adept
players with less mistakes than perhaps would otherwise fall to
their lot. i
A beginner in foot ball should do two things : He should read
the rules, and he should, if possible, watch the practice. If the
latter be impossible, he and his men must, after having read the
rules, start in and, with eleven on a side, play according to their
own interpretation of these rules. When differences of opinion
arise as to the meaning of any rule, a letter addressed to the
publishers of Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide — the American
Sports Publishing Company, 21 Warren Street, New York —
will always elicit a ready and satisfactory answer.
The first thing to be done in starting the practice is to provide
the accessories of the game, which, in foot ball, arc of the simplest
kind. The field should be marked out with ordinary lime lines,
enclosing a space of 330 feet long and 160 feet wide. While not
absolutely necessary, it is customary to mark the field also with
transverse lines every five yards, for the benefit of the referee in
determining how far the ball is advanced at every down, and also
with lines running parallel to the side line and five yards apart, in
order to aid the umpire in determining that a forward pass, if
made, crosses the line of scrimmage at least five yards out,
also whether the quarter-back in making a run follows a
certain rule which provides that he must cross the line of
scrimmage five yards from the point where the ball was put
in play. The same end is accomplished by merely making
short marks at right angles on each line. In the middle of
the lines forming the ends of the field, the goal posts are
erected, and should be eighteen feet six inches apart, with cross-
bar ten feet from the ground. The posts should project several
feet above the cross bar The ball used is an oval leather cover
containing a rubber inner, which is inflated by means of a small
air pump or the lungs. The ball used by the principal teams is
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 19
the Intercollegiate Match, No. J5, adopted by the Intercollegiate
Association, and made by A. G. Spalding & Bros.
The costumes of the players form another very important
feature and should be of a proper and serviceable nature. Canvas
makes most serviceable jackets for the players, as do also jerseys
reinforced with leather. These can be purchased at a small
expense from any athletic outfitter. The canvas jacket should
fit closely, but not too tightly, and lace up in front, so that it
may be drawn quite snugly. Some have elastic pieces set in
at the sides, back of the arms, but these additions are by no
means necessary. Jerseys, with leather patches on elbows and
shoulders, are also worn.
The trousers should be of some stout material, fustian for
example, and well padded. This padding can be done by any
seamstress, quilting in soft material over knees and thighs, or
the regular athletic outfitters furnish trousers provided with the
padding. Long woolen stockings are worn, and not infrequently
shin guards by men playing in the forward line.
The most important feature of the entire uniform is the shoe.
This may be the ordinary canvas and leather base ball shoe with
leather cross-pieces nailed across the sole to prevent slipping.
Such is the most inexpensive form, but the best shoes are made
entirely of leather, of moderately stout material, fitting the foot
firmly, yet comfortably, lacing well up on the ankles, and the
soles provided with a small leather spike, which can be renewed
when worn down. Inside this shoe, and either attached to the
bottom of it or not, as preferred, a thin leather anklet laces
tightly over the foot, and is an almost £ure preventive of sprained
ankles.
Head gears are made to protect the runner and must not be
composed of sole leather, papier mache, or any other hard, un-
yielding substance that might injure another player. (A com-
plete list of a foot ball player's requirements will be found in a
subsequent chapter in this book.)
Underneath the canvas jacket any woolen underwear may be
put on, most players wearing knit jerseys. As mentioned above,
there are several players who can, to advantage, go without the
regulation canvas jacket and wear a jersey in its place. These are
especially the quarter-back, the center-rush or snap-back. Of
recent years backs and linemen tend more than ever to the adop-
tion of the leather-reinforced jersey.
The team of eleven men is usually divided into seven rushers
or forwards, who stand in a line facing their seven opponents ; a
quarter-back, who stands just behind this line; two half-backs,
a few yards behind the quarter-back; and finally, a full-back or
goal tend, who stands at kicking distance behind the half-backs.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 21
This gives the general formation, but is, of course, dependent
upon the plays to be executed.
Before cornmencing practice, a man should be chosen to act as
referee, umpire and linesman, for in practice games it is hardly
necessary to have more than one official. The two sides then
toss up, and the one winning the toss has choice of goal or kick-
off. If there be a wind, the winner will naturally and wisely take
the goal from which that wind is blowing and allow his opponent
to have the ball. If there be no advantage in the goals he may
choose the kick-off, and his opponents in that case take which-
ever goal they like. The two teams then line up ; the holders of
the ball placing it upon the exact center of the field, and the
opponents being obliged to stand back in their own territory at
least ten yards, until the ball has been touched with the foot.
Some man of the side having the kick-off must then kick the ball
at least ten yards into the opponents' territory. Preferably, there-
fore, he will send it across the goal line or else as far as he can,
and still have his forwards reach the spot in season to prevent
too great headway being acquired by the opponents' interference,
but he will not kick it across the side line. The opponents then
catch it and return it by a kick, or they run with it. If one of
them runs with it he may be tackled by the opponents. He may
not, however, be tackled below the knees, save by the five middle
men of the forward line. As soon as the ball is fairly held;
that is, both player and ball brought to a standstill, or the
runner with the ball touches the ground with any part of his
person, except his hands or feet, while in the grasp of an op-
ponent, the referee blows his whistle and the runner has the
bill "down," and someone upon his side, usually the man called
the snap-back or center-rush, must place the ball on the ground
at that spot for a "scrimmage," as it is termed. The ball is then
put in play again, placing it flat on the ground with its long axis
parallel to the side line (while the men of each team keep on
their own side of the ball, under the penalty of a foul for off-
side play, a line parallel to the goal line and passing through the
end of the ball nearest the side's own goal line determining the
position of the players of each side) by the snap-back's kicking
the ball or snapping it back, either with his foot, or more com.-
monly with his hands, to a player of his own side just behind
him, who is called the quarter-back. The ball is in play, and
both sides may press forward as soon as the ball is put in motion
by the snap-back. Naturally, however, as the quarter-back usually
passes it still further behind him to a half-back, or back, to kick
or run with, it is the opposing side which is most anxious to
push forward, while the side having the ball endeavor by all
lawful means to retard that advance until their runner or kicker
^
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 23
has had time to execute his play. It is this antagonism of desire on
the part of both sides that has given rise to the special legislation
regarding the use of the hands, body and arms of the contestants
— and beginners must carefully note the distinction. As soon as
the snap-back has sent the ball behind him, he has really placed
all the men in his own line off-side; that is, between the ball
and the opponents' goal, and they, therefore, can theoretically,
occupy only the position in which they stand, while the opponents
have the legal right to run past them as quickly as possible.
For this reason, and bearing in mind that the men "on side"
have the best claim to right of way, it has been enacted that the
side having possession of the ball may not use their hands or
arms, but only their bodies, when thus ofif-side, to obstruct or
interrupt their adversaries, while the side running through in the
endeavor to stop the runner, or secure possession of the ball,
may use their hands and arms to make passage for themselves.
The game thus progresses in a series of downs, followed by
runs or kicks, as the case may be, the only limitation being that
of a rule designed to prevent one side continuously keeping
possession of the ball without any material advance or retreat,
which would be manifestly unfair to the opponents. This rule
provides that in three "downs" or attempts to advance the ball,
a side not having made ten yards toward the opponents' goal
must surrender possession of the ball. As a matter of fact, it
is seldom that a team actually surrenders the ball in this way,
because, after two attempts, if the prospects of completing the
ten-yards gain appear small, it is so manifestly politic to kick the
ball as far as possible down the field, that such a method is
more likely to be adopted than to make a last attempt by a run
and give the enemy possession almost on the spot. In such an
exigency, if a kick be made, the rules provide that it must be
such a kick as to give the opponents fair and equal chance to
gain possession of the ball and must go beyond the line of
scrimmage unless stopped by an opponent. A player may also,
under certain restrictions, carefully stated in the rules, make
what is known as a forward pass, that is, throw the ball forward
to another player of his own side. There is one other element
entering into this progress of the game, and that is the fair
catch. This can be made from a kick by the opponents, pro-
vided the catcher indicates his intention by raising his hand
in the air, takes the ball on the fly, and no other of his
own side touches it. This entitles him to a free kick ; that
is, his opponents cannot come within ten yards of the spot
where he made the catch, while he (and his side) may re-
tire such distance toward his own goal as he sees fit, and
-,!..»* ««'„S
i-mm^M.
# #
^
t
h'
* T^ ^,
1— Action plays near Princeton's goal. 2 — A tackle. 3— Punting.
YALE-PRINCETON GAME, 1906.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 25
then make a punt or a drop, or give the ball to some one of his
own side to place the ball for a place kick. Here again, as at
kick-off, when taking the free kick, he must make an actual kick
of at least ten yards, unless the ball is stopped by the opponents.
His own men must be behind the ball when he kicks it, or be
adjudged off-side.
Whenever the ball goes across the side boundary line of the
field, it is said to go "into touch," or out of bounds, and it must
be at once brought back to the point where it crossed the line,
and then put in play by some member of the side which carried
it out, or first secured possession of it after it went out. The
method of putting it in play is to take it to the spot where it
crossed the line and then carry it at right angles into the field at
least five and not more than fifteen yards, and make an ordinary
scrimmage of it, the same as after a down. The player who
intends walking with it must, before stepping into the field,
declare how many paces he will walk in, in order that the
opponents may know where the ball will be put in play. We
will suppose that the ball by a succession of these plays, runs,
kicks, forward pass, downs, fair catches, etc., has advanced
toward one or the other of the goals, until it is within kicking
distance of the goal posts. The question will now arise in the
mind of the captain of the attacking side as to whether his best
plan of operation will be to try a drop-kick at the goal, or to
contmue the running attempts, in the hope of carrying the ball
across the goal line, for this latter play will count his side a
touchdown, and entitle them to a try-at-goal.
In deciding, therefore, whether to try a drop-kick, or continue
the running attempts, he should reflect upon the value of the
scores. The touchdown itself will count 5 points, even if he
afterward fail to convert it into a goal, by sending the ball over
the bar and between the posts, while, if he succeed in converting
it, the touchdown and goal together count 6 points. A drop-
kick, if successful, counts 4 points, but is, of course, even if
attempted, by no means sure of resulting successfully. He must,
therefore, carefully consider all the issues at this point, and it
is the handling of those problems that shows his quality as a
captain. H he elects to continue his running attempts, and
eventually carries the ball across the line, he secures a touch-
down at the spot where the ball is finally held, after being car-
ried over, and any player of his side may then bring it out, and
when he reaches a suitable distance, place the ball for one of
his side to kick, the opponents, meantime, standing behind their
goal line. In placing the ball it is held in the hands of the
placer, close to, but not touching the ground, and then carefully
aimed until the direction is proper; the kicker himself may aim
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 27
it, touching it with his hands, provided the ball does not touch
the ground. Then, at a signal from the kicker that it is right,
it is placed upon the ground, still steadied by the hand or finger
of the placer, and instantly kicked by the place kicker. The
reason for this keeping it off the ground until the last instant
is that the opponents can charge forward as soon as the ball
touches the ground, and hence would surely stop the kick if
much time intervened. If the ball goes over the goal, it scores
as above indicated, and the opponents then take it to the middle
of the field for kick-off again, the same as at the commence-
ment of the match. The opponents have the privilege either of
taking the kick-off themselves or of having the side which
scored kick-off. The ball is also tahen to the center of the field
if the goal be missed after a touchdown, although formerly the
opponents couk^ then bring it out only to the twenty-five-yard
line.
There is one other issue to be considered at this point, and
that is, if the ball be in possession of the defenders of the goal,
or if it fall into their hands when thus close to their own goal.
Of course, they will naturally endeavor, by running or kicking,
to, if possible, free themselves from the unpleasant situation that
menaces them. Sometimes, however, this becomes impossible,
and there is a provision in the rules which gives them an oppor-
tunity of relief, at a sacrifice, it is true, but scoring less against
them than if their opponents should regain possession of the ball
and make a touchdown or a goal, A player may at any time
kick, pass or carry the ball across his own goal line, and there
touch it down for safety. This, while it scores two points for
his opponents, give: his side the privilege of bringing the ball
out to the twenty- five-yard line, and then taking a kick-out, per-
formed like kick-off or any other free kick, but it can be a drop-
kick, a place-kick or a punt.
The succession of plays continues for thirty-five minutes in a
regular match. Then intervenes a ten-minute intermission, after
which the side which did not have the kick-off at the commence-
ment of the match has possession of the ball for the kick-off
for a second thirty-five minutes. The result of the match is
determined by the number of points scored during the two halves,
a goal from a touchdown yielding 6 points, one from the field —
that is, without the aid of a touchdown — 4 points ; a touchdown
from which no goal is kicked giving 5 points, and a safety count-
ing 2 points for the opponents. In practice it is usual to have
the two periods of play considerably shorter than thirty-five
minutes, generally not over twenty or twenty-five.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY,
29
HOW TO PLAY FOOT BALL
BY WALTER CAMP.
r*i
(P°^ (P°<S^ (go(5^ go(5?) (go(??) (go^ (go^ go^ (go(??)
I wish to preface the brief remarks which I take occasion to
make in this chapter regarding special plays in foot ball with
the statement that they are not intended to cover the first prin-
ciples of the individual positions in the game. In another book
I have dwelt upon these at length, and have there defined with as
great accuracy as I could the principal duties assignable to the
occupant of each position on the team. In addition to this, I
have there given the main features of team play. It is worth
while to mention this at the outset, because a team can make
no greater mistake than by taking up what are known as "trick"
plays, or, in fact, any of the ordinary team plays in the present
modern game, before the individuals of that team have become
thoroughly perfected in the practical rudiments of the game,
and perform almost by instinct the ordinary duties of their
positions. A team which undertakes to make strategic plays be-
fore mastering these primary points will always find itself work-
ing at a tremendous disadvantage, and the waste of power will
be almost incalculable. Perhaps I could not put it more plainly
than to say that the tendency is altogether too much toward
what is known as "git thar" principles in all of our lines of sport
to-day. A crew endeavors to row in a shell before learning the
principles of the stroke ; our boxers are apt to go in for the
swinging, knock-out blow at the sacrifice of the more old-fash-
ioned, but better form, sparring; but in none of these forms is
It more evident than in the one under discussion, namely, foot
ball. It is not at all uncommon to see a team playing intricate
criss-crosses, double and forward passes and concealed ball plays,
whose men are still tackling high, and whose half-backs kick a
punt from low down on the toe. To every reader of this book
then, I say with the heartiest good will, master the rudiments
first if you wish to make yourself valuable to any team; master
them thoroughly if you wish to see your team win when it
comes to important matches. These special plays which follow
are plays which captains and coaches can work out to an almo.'^t
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARIT. 3?
infinite number of variations, but it will be the individual players
on the team who will, in the end, determine whether the use of
these plays will turn out successfully.
Under the present rules, whenever a free kick is attempted, it
must be an actual kick of not less than ten yards into the oppo-
nent's territory. For this reason all the flying wedge opening
plays of some years ago, as well as formed wedges from fair
catches and kick-outs, have disappeared. The captain now has
to perform the principal part of his strategic play, outside of the
kick, from ordinary downs, instead of from what have been
called "free kicks," but what have been really "free wedges."
Furthermore, the more recent changes in the rules make one of
the prime essentials of a good team proficiency in running, for-
ward passing and quick kicking from regular formations.
I, therefore, begin with running in the line. By this I mean
running, from his position in the line, by any one of the seven
men forming the forward line in the team. Some years ago there
was a great deal of guard running, and in a good many books
published recently on the game, the guard is spoken of as by all
odds the most available man in the line for running with the
ball. That is true to this extent. The guard occupies a good
position for short and, perhaps, unexpected runs, but with the
modern game the guard is such a feature in the defensive work
that it has become a good deal of a question whether he ought to
be given much running to do on his own account, and especially
as he must now, from his position in the line. He can no
longer be taken back into what is known as the guard-back
formation. But if the reader will bear this in mind, and so not
make use of his guard except to such an extent as shall still
preserve the guard for his ordinary work, one can say that he
has in these guards two available men in the line. The most
natural run for the guard or tackle is between the tackle and
guard on the other side of the line from which he stands. In
the performance of this run by the tackle, the principal feature
is to disguise the fact that the tackle is about to start, and his
getting a quick and free start, not followed, or followed at a
considerable distance only by his vis-a-vis. In order to do this
he must form the habit of holding himself in the same position
when he is not going to make this run that he occupies when he
is going to undertake it, for any difference will indicate to his
opponent what the play is to be. But, breaking away, he runs
closely behind the quarter-back, taking the ball on the fly as he
passes, and making a short and sharp dash in between his own
guard and tackle, or preferably just about over the tackle's
position, who, with the assistance of the half and full-back, one
usually preceding and the other following, break through with
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 33
him, his own quarter-back and end protecting him from behind,
also closing in upon him as he goes through. A tackle can also
be run in a similar fashion between the tackle and end, guard
and center, or even entirely around the end, but this latter play
is of no great value except with particularly fast tackles, and
more than that, it uses up the tackle's wind a good deal more
than when he goes through the line, because the interference is
likely to stand out pretty well toward the edge of the field, and
the tackle will run his full distance and not be able to get through
the end after all, thus having taken a considerable dash and
under high speed and with no good result, but merely the loss
of a down. In defining the tackle's running, I have also defined
the running of the guard where he goes around behind the
quarter in a similar fashion. These plays are strong where the
guard is a big man and a hard runner with good legs. A fat
man is useless in such a case. The University of Pennsylvania
performed some very excellent work in dropping guards back as
interferers, and also in giving the guards themselves the ball
occasionally. The ends may be used exactly as the guards or
tackles in running, or they may be dropped back of the line into
practically the half-back positions, and transferring positions and
alternating with the half-back taking the ball.
One of the most effective plays ever worked was that in
which the end-rusher was dropped back of the line and sent in
between the tackle and guard repeatedly, on his own side, the
ball being passed to him quite a little distance from the quarter;
then suddently the same play was made, and the ball was
passed directly over the head of this end-rusher to the half-
back, who had crept out beyond, and who thus took the ball in
a free field and made a free, long run. This was repeated
again in the same game, showing that the play itself was good
even to be used more than once. The above plays are also
assisted by special formation, the players taking positions on
signals.
Other runs which are possible by the line men are, of course,
criss-cross and double passes. One example of these criss-crosses
will illustrate sufficiently to enable a captain or coach to carry
out a great variety of them, using every man in his line if he
wishes.
For instance, the tackle and half-back criss-cross. As in the
instance I described of the ordinary tackle run, the tackle — say
the left tackle — suddenly shakes himself free from his opponent
and dashes straight at the quarter, a few feet behind him, of
course; the quarter passes him the ball as he reaches him,
exactly as though the left tackle were then going around be-
tween' the right tackle and the guard. But instead of doing
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC til'BRARY. 35
this, the left tackle passes to the right half, who runs to the
left end, the half, full-back and quarter all interfering for him.
The great point in this play is to see that the opposing right
tackle does not get the runner as he starts off to get the ball,
and furthermore, that this right tackle and right end are blocked
late but long. Such a criss-cross can also be worked with the
end, and with the guard it can also be tried to turn either in-
side or outside of the end. So much for the line men running.
Wing shifts or line shifts, that is, plays wherein one side of the
line shifts just before the ball is put in play over to the other
side, are also becoming increasingly common.
Next we come to the half-backs and full-backs. Every one is
familiar with the following plays, which we only mention in order
to call them, to the attention of the captain who is studying out in
the early part of the season what plays he shall make the most of.
The half-back running on his own side between any of the various
men in the line; the half-back running between any of the men on
the side away from his own side ; the full-back running on the
right side or the left side through the same openings and under
the same circumstances and with practically the same interfer-
ence, for in the modern game the captain is wise who uses his
three men behind the line in such a way that any one of them
may perform any of the various plays devised for the backs, and
then maintain a similar formation, no matter what the play is to
be. One cannot too strongly deprecate the exact detailing of certain
movements in certain plays to get through or block or to take care
of particular individuals when that move leads to the betrayal of
the play before it has actually come off. The cardinal points to
be remembered regarding running by the half-backs and full-
backs are these : That the interference must depend upon the
speed of the men engaged, and that no interference should be such
as to slow up the runner appreciably, unless it be for some trick
play or double pass where the slowing up of the runner means
merely his being caught after getting rid of the ball. I have seen
many a good team spoiled by their attempting to follow out a set
rule as to the order in which interferers should reach the end.
For instance, in the days of Heffelfinger, he showed how a guard
could readily go from his own position out to the opposite end,
and before the runner, and interfere most nobly for him all the
way down the field. For this reason every guard was at once
coached to go out and interfere on the end. Three out of five
were too big and slow to accomplish this to any advantage, but
that did not seem to make any difference. Somebody had written
that the guard should interfere on the end, and the result was that
everybody had to wait until the guard got out there. Meantime,
the runner was usually caught from behind. A good guard who
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 37
can pick up his feet lively, and who can get around quickly and
easily after blocking, can get out before an ordinarily fast runner.
So, too, can the opposite end. This season it is not unlikely that
the man who is allowed to play back of the line, provided he is
outside the position of the man on the end of the line, will be
used as an interferer. Som'", teams use the tackle here, but this
is a mistake, because the tackle should slow up the opposing
tackle and should also make the play safe from behind. A team
ought not to have a quarter-back who is too slow to get out to
the end as an interferer before the back with the ball reaches the
other point. But for all that there are quarter-backs, and good
ones, too, who are a little slow in this and hold back the runner.
These men should either be coached into better speed or taught
a little different way of getting rid of the ball on the run, per-
haps, or be sent to perform the tackle's duties, and let the tackle
get there if the tackle is a remarkably fast man ; otherwise such
a transfer would only make bad worse. From what I have al-
ready said the captain can see that he must measure his inter-
ference by the speed of his interferers, and match them with the
speed of his runner with the ball in order to satisfactorily solve
the equation for his own team. It is the captain of brains who
wins by doing just these things, while the captain without them
takes the hard and fast rule that has been laid down by some
one, perhaps of his own team, who has written an article from
the knowledge of only one or two teams, and thinks that all can
be brought up to exactly the same point in the same way.
Regarding going through the line close to the center by backs
(and by backs I mean the half-backs as well), there are two
ways of helping a man through the line. One is to batter a hole
before him and let him slip through, and the other is to put him
up against the line and then push him so hard that the line has
to yield and let him through. There are line plays which com-
bine a variety of these tactics, but there are some principles to be
remembered in connection with them which will give them some-
thing more than a careless "hit or miss" move. In the first place,
a big, heavy man should never be run into the line with one or
two light interferers preceding him, whereas a light man can be
run in behind two heavy men with abandon. The reason for this
is that there are times when the hole will be choked up in spite
of the attempt of the interferers, and a heavy man getting his
head down may strike one of the interferers in the back and in-
capacitate him for future work. It is not so apt to hurt the run-
ner as it is the man whom he strikes, although there have been
cases of injury to the runner. When the hole is choked up, and
heavy men are interfering, they can usually keep the mass mov-
ing away from the runner, even if they do not open the hole for
1— Instruction in Itreakin.i;- tliroimh; Slaiuiard. second man from tin- left
C^ooney leaning over in front; Captain Dillon, hands on knees; half-baok
iibbott back of Captain. 2— '-Bin" Edwards, Princeton, prominent umpire.
PRINCETON PRACTICE SCENES.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 39
him, and this play is much less hard and far less dangerous. In
sending two light interferers ahead to spring an opening for the
runner, it should be borne in mind that an opening made in this
way is a quick, sharp one, and should not be called upon to rely
for its efficacy upon steady pushing. An opening, on the other
hand, made by two heavy men in this fashion can be much smaller
and rely largely upon the accumulated force even after the run-
ner strikes the line. The men who go ahead to interfere must
always remember if they have to go down to fall away from the
opening and not block it up. The men who run behind the run-
ner should always remember that it is their duty not only to pro-
tect him from behind and push and crowd him when he begins to
slow up, but never, under any circumstances, to interfere with his
legs. Careless men going behind a runner will oftentimes step on
his heels and throw him when the runner left to himself could
have made his distance. The ends are particularly serviceable in
this pushing work, and there are very few ends at the present
day who do not understand their half-backs and backs so well
that they can go up \\rith them into line and give them courage
and assistance by pushing after they have struck the line.
To come now to the wedges or mass plays. Owing to the
prejudice of the public and the feeling that wedge work was
taking too much of the attention of the players, captains and
coaches, the rule-makers attempted to eliminate a great deal of
this work by the passage of a rule against momentum-mass plays
as well as the passage of a rule insisting upon actual kicks. This
latter rule I have mentioned earlier in this book. There is no
question but that this has done away with a great deal of the
most showy part of the flying wedge, but rules against momen-
tum-mass playing had not and are not likely to eliminate the
use of the principle of wedges. They took off the weight which
it was possible to get into these wedges, and in that way were
an excellent thing, but it required more severe legislation to
eliminate all mass plays. This, however, was accomplished quite
effectively by the ten-yard rule adopted in 1906.
The development of the position of quarter-back, so far as run-
ning is concerned, has been toward the old rules, when many
years ago it was possible for the man receiving the ball from the
snap-back to carry it forward. Some two years since a rule was
enacted again permitting the quarter-back to run, providing,
however, he went out at least five yards from the point at which
the ball was snapped. The first season this permission did not
offer any very great developments along the line, but last year
it was tried with far more effect, and like any other play of this
nature, seems to be developing in the hands of the coaches and
players until it promises to be a considerable feature of the game.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 41
It is interesting, because it admits of one more possibility, and a
run of this nature when it is thoroughly successful develops into
spectacular play which pleases the spectator and demands one
more qualification in a quarter-back.
There are several methods of effecting this play, and although
naturally it is difficult to bring it off unless it is performed un-
expectedly, It does lend itself to the development of interference.
The usual method is for the interference to circle outside of
tackle, the quarter-back protected by the interferers making a
very direct run out toward the end and circling as his interferers
turn in.
Another method is for the ball to be passed back apparently
to the full-back for a kick, and he acting, as will be seen, as a
quarter-back, may run with the ball out around the end or any-
where, so long as he passes the line of scrimmage at least five
yards out from the point where the ball was snapped. Forward
passing by any man back of the line is allowable this year, pro-
vided the ball crosses the line of scrimmage at least five yards
out from the point where it was put in play. This was most
brilliantly developed by one or two teams last season and pro-
duced some very interesting features.
To come to the last point of this brief summary of plays,
namely, kicking. This department under the present rules be-
comes still more important. The special points about kicking
will be the accurate placing of the ball and the acquirement of
short and long-distance punting as well as place kicking. Kick-
ing into touch, where admissible under the rules, should be made
much more of, and it is becoming absolutely necessary for a team
to have good punters and quick, sharp kickers in order to take
advantage of certain modifications in the laws of the game. To
go into the details of these kicks would be an almost infinite task,
but the captain can study out the situation from the following
premises : A kick is absolutely necessary at kick-off, kick-out
and every fair catch. What kind of a kick then will be most
advantageous to his team? A short one, high, where his man
can get under it, or a long-distance one, giving the opponents a
chance, perhaps, of return, but enabling him, if he has fast ends,
to hold the ball down at the distance of the kick?
Kicking has thus come to be an absolute essential in a well-
rounded team, and the style of that kicking adapted to the
make-up of the individual components of that team in end
rushes, tackles and backs.
The new rule providing that when a kicked ball strikes the
ground it puts everybody on side, has led to many short punts
over the rush line, and a general development of kicks similar to
those formerly known as quarter-back kicks.
E. B. COCHEMS,
Coach St. Louis University.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARlT.
43
THE FORWARD PASS AND
ON-SIDE KICK
BY EDWARD B. COCHEMS,
Left half-back, University of Wisconsin, 1901.
Director of Athletics, St. Louis University.
IISSIISIISSSIl
o
The necessary brevity of this article will not permit of a
detailed discussion of the forward pass and on-side kick. Owing
to the fact that coaches and others over the country interested
in the revised rules have had but one short season to test and
develop these new features of Rugby, and this season in the
Middle West being even abridged by reform legislation, only
hints and general suggestions will be in order. In one or two
instances I will deviate from this plan.
Under the old rules, the first principles of offence had been
to maintain possession of the ball to the last extremity. This
was due to the fact that the longer the team possessed the ball,
the shorter the period of time the opposing team had in which
to score. Also, that practically the only chance to score was
during the period of possession. With only five yards to go this
principle generally governed the coaches' plans for the season.
The idea had become so firmly rooted in foot ball tactics as a
fundamental principle that scarcely any of last year's foot ball
mentors divorced themselves from its influence.
The rule giving the ball to the opponents on the spot' from
which the ball was passed, if it touched the ground before
coming in contact with any player, seemed drastic and fatal to a
reasonable belief in its practicability. Most coaches accordingly
confined their efforts to short passes of the basket ball variety
and usually essayed to protect the receiver by interference. The
Rules Committee apparently have since agreed with the view of
the majority and have changed the rules to read, "not loss of
the ball," but a "fifteen yard penalty," on the first and second
down for a failure to make a successful pass. The lack of faith
in the value of the play had another result, and that is, it drove
most coaches to the development of the on-side kick. Indeed,
before the new rules were adopted, Rugby, excepting rowing
perhaps, was freer of the element of chance than any of the
other collegiate or professional sports. Under the new rules,
44
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
chance became an important factor, and this must be continually
kept in mind hereafter in any conception of the use of the pass
and the on-side kick.
In order to fully understand the value of these plays one must
consider carefully the physical proportions of the ball and the
manual performance essential in its most perfect execution. This,
however, is seldom given attention. A base ball pitcher would
be but a poor artist if he did not take cognizance of the size,
weight and shape of the ball and its seams. This is even more
Fig. 1.
End-over-end pass— underhand or round-arm.
important for the player who contemplates the use of a forward
pass or on-side kick.
There are various ways in which the ball can be passed and
kicked. Each method depends on its value for the play in which
it figures ; the player who makes it ; the portion of the field in
which it takes place ; the opponents' defence ; the weather condi-
tions, etc. The basket ball pass was used considerably in the
Eas't. The player holds the ball above his head with both hands
in the act of delivery, the same as though he were throwing a
basket ball. This method does not depend upon the shape of
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 45
the ball, is accurate, and fairly safe, but good only for short
distances.
Fig. I represents the end-over-end pass. The fingers lap
considerably over the end of the ball in order to secure a firm
grasp. The longitudinal or longest axis is parallel with the ulna
and radius of the forearm. The ball rests against the arm
during the act of delivery only and when delivered flies end
over end in the same position. It can be thrown with a side or
underhand throw. This style is good for a short or long pass.
Fig. 2.
Underhand spiral— fingers on lacing.
passes of 35 yards or more, flight distance being possible. It is
good in rainy weather, since the ball is not so apt to slip with
the fingers over the end. For all-around uses it is the safest.
Moreover, any player can learn to make it for reasonable dis-
tances.
Besides these two methods, we have what I might term a
broad side pass. The finger tips just overlap the lacing, which
afford a firm hold. The ball can be thrown many yards, either
with a side or overhead delivery, as contingencies necessitate.
Fig. 2 brings us to the forward pass spiral. The ball is grasped
4g SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
with the fingers /ust over the lacing, with lacings facing the
ground and one end resting on the wrist. It is an underhand
throw, similar to the form used in heaving the discus, with this
difference, that it is not a full turn. It is good for short passes
and high ones, but is weak, owing to the opponents' ability to
block it and skill necessary in its execution. It is good for a
high throw especially, because the fingers, lying between the
lacings, afford the necessary friction for an upward pass.
Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 represent the overhand spiral. It is the
acme of forward passing methods. The accomplishment of this
Fig. 3.
Correct position of hand on ball for overhand pass, with thumb on lace.
style demands many weary hours of drill and a hand large
•enough to encircle the ball at a point, as seen in the pictures
near the seventh lacing. For distances this style has no equal.
Nevertheless in rainy weather it is useless. To make this throw
the ball is firmly grasped at the circumference near the far
lacing with either the thumb (Figs. 3 and 4) slightly over and
between the sixth and seventh lacings, or the fingers (Figs. 5
and 6) (which is just a reverse position of the hand), and the =
fingers or thumb grasping the ball slightly above the seventh
lacing on the opposite side of the ball. The thumb or fingers,
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY,
47
as the case may be, coming in contact with the lacing, causes the
friction which results in the spiral motion of the ball, which flies
with its long axis horizontally. With this style the ball can be
hurled like a projectile from 50 to 60 yards. Of the various
methods demonstrated, this is the only one which cannot be
performed by every player. All the others can be accomplished
by faithful endeavor. From practical experience and mathe-
rnatical investigation I tind that scarcely four out of twenty
players can ever hope to successfully accomplish this pass. In
some squads no one will be found capable. A player must have
Fig. 4.
(Jverhand spiral— thumb on the lace.
a girth measurement of nearly nine inches from thumb to second
linger, measured from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the
secpnd finger, tape following the contour of the hand. Most
players have a measurement of from 7^/^ to 8^ inches. More-
over, the fingers and thumb must be powerful. If one would
measure a bowling ball from thumb to finger hole, or encircle an
ordinary base ball, he v/ould get a complete idea. A strong
bowler with necessary girth or a base ball pitcher should make a
good forward passer.
The advantages of this method, which like the pass itself is
48 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBBABY.
practically a fair weather play, come from the distance that it
can be hurled, its speed and accuracy and the overhead throw,
which prevents blocking or interference. The old style of
receiving a passed or kicked ball was to form a basket of the
hands and abdominal region of the body and to draw in the
abdomen at the moment of contact, breaking the rebound. Under
the new rules this style had better be dispensed with as much as
possible and the ball received as one would catch a base ball.
(Fig. 7.)
Fig. 5.
Correct position of hand on ball for overhand spiral— fingers on the lace.
The on-side kick was used oftener last year than the forward
pass, owing to the fact that it was supposed to be more accurate
and practical. Instead of nullifying the play the moment the
ball touched the ground, as with the pass, this fact put every
player on-side. The kick can be made end-over-end, if the
object is to have it roll forward, or kicked with a spiral motion,
if the aim is to place it. Some kick the ball so that its middle
portion fits the instep and the long axis is perpendicular to the
foot. This is an excellent method to apply for short distances,
and for placing it is the most accurate of them all.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRART. 49
The on-side kick is most effective in the opponents' section of
the field or just beyond the center field. Of course it can be
used unexpectedly in a team's own territory, but in the oppo-
nents' field it gives the required distance and the opportunity of
recovery without loss of distance which a regular punt would
secure. Instead of keeping the ball in the air it should be
kicked to the ground as soon as the case will permit, since the
moment it touches, the whole team is on-side. The longer the
kicker can delay kicking the further down the field the team can
Overhand spiral— fingers on lacing.
get to either recover the ball themselves or form interference for
the player who is supposed to recover. Should a team have a
very fast player or players and an accurate punter the ball can
be kicked in the air to one side, and the fast players, by being
stationed back of the ball when kicked, can recover before it
touches the ground. This play can be worked quite often owing
to the fact that the opponents will be lead to believe that the
ball cannot be recovered until it touches the ground. Another
good play, and usually effective for a score when properly
executed, is the quick, shprt punt over the head of the safety
60
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
man or to one side of him. Sometimes, when within the
opponents' 25 or 35-yard Hne, a high pmit that goes only ten or
fifteen yards is worth while. Often the opponents will miss the
ball, due to the numbers attempting to catch it, and this conse-
quently leaves a free-for-all play in which any one is apt to
recover it. A free catch is the only way to prevent this play.
In order to be successful at the on-side kick it is necessary for
the kicker to spend many hours practicing the various kicks in
detail and the players in learning to pick up the ball on the run
while it is rolling on the ground.
Fig. 7.
Receiving a pass.
The new rules have made Rugby the most symmetrical sport
of all. It now embraces the best traits of base ball, track, tennis,
basket ball, etc. For practice a good game is to erect basket
ball posts at either end of the field and use the foot ball as you
would a basket ball under basket ball rules. In this way
proficiency in the use of the forward pass can be easily brought
about. Another good scheme is to place targets on a convenient
fence and practice hitting it. A prize for the most accurate
shooter is always an incentive to work.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
51
Should I begin to explain the different plays in which the pass
and kick could figure, I would invite myself to an endless task.
However, in closing this article, I would suggest that each coach
and player diagram all the plays that he knows and try and fit
it up so that a forward pass or an on-side kick will figure in it.
Otherwise he will be planning plays especially adapted for the
pass or kick and because of its singularity of special formation
will make it easy of detection. Moreover, a pass fitted on a regular
play will make both trick and straight play out of it and conse-
quently add strength to both.
Fig
Overhand pass after delivering.
1 —Captain Morse (in the Icnid) and Roome, two of the baclis, making a false
run, while man with the ball goes in another direction. 2 — Captain Morse
making a dash around the end. 3 — Yale backs ready to carry the ball
(Captain Sam Morse on the right).
YALE PRACTICE SCENES.
SPALDING'S ATHI^ETIC LIBRARY.
HOW TO PLAY
QUARTER-BACK
BY WALTER H. ECKERSALL,
University of Chicago.
OSOHSSSHH
t,a
The position of quarter-back is considered by many to be the
most important one on a foot ball team, but to my mind each
of the eleven positions is a critical one. At some time during
every game an opportunity comes to each man to play his position
as it should be played, and on his ability to grasp that opportunity
depends the result of many a contest.
A foot ball team is composed of eleven men, and if, as some-
times happens, one man is apparently doing all the scoring, you
may be sure the other ten men are doing their duty in order to
make such a feat possible, and praise should be given to them
equally with the fortunate individual performer.
The quarter-back position may wisely be termed the keystone
one of a team. Especially is this so, as is usually the case, when
the quarter-back gives the signals. He is then truly the field
captain and largely responsible for the outcome of the contest
through which he directs his men.
- A team should have the utmost confidence in its quarter-back
in order to play with the speed and precision by which games
are won. On the other hand, the quarter-back, by steady, consis-
tent play and ability to deal with emergencies, should merit this
confidence. Often the very tones in which the signals are given
can bring order out of chaos, and vice versa.
There are just as many different ways of playing quarter-back
as there are coaches and quarter-backs. Of course, a certain
set of playing rules must be followed, but aside from that, the
field left for devising original plays is large and on the coach
largely depends the origin of these plays. If the formations are
such "that a great deal of time is required to carry them out
successfully the playing of the quarter-back will naturally be
slower, and, on the other hand, if trick playing, running and
kicking are resorted to, the speed of the quarter-back is propor-
tionately increased.
The material with which a coach has to work often determines
iii>i ruction in line work. 3 — Instruction i:i
lueakiug through.
SCENES IN HARVARD PRACTICE,
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 55
the style of play to be adopted. If the men are heavy, and con-
■^equently slow, the plan of action will have to be along the line
of their plunging, line-plugging abilities. And, on the other hand,
if the material is light, a speedy, crafty campaign must be planned
to offset the lack of weight.
Other points which the coach considers carefully in devising
the plays for his quarter-back are the abilities and handicaps of
the opposing team. Perhaps one team is noted for a certain
style of play, hence plays are planned to cope successfully, if
possible, with this method. These plans failing, often an entirely
different mode of procedure is expounded to the players between
the halves by the coach, and the quarter-back receives his instruc-
tions accordingly.
As each succeeding team naturally puts up a different game the
coach is obliged to think up new plays constantly and teach them
to his men.
So it seems to me the coach does a great deal of hard work
that the quarter-back is generally given credit for. Still, the
quarter-back must use his good judgment in the direction of
these plays in the heat of battle, or the best-laid plans of the
coach are for naught ; so, perhaps, after all the responsibility is
equally divided.
REQUIREMENTS OF THE QUARTER-BACK.
As a general rule, with but few exceptions, the quarter-back
is a small fellow, weighing in the neighborhood of one hundred
and fifty pounds, small of stature, but very compactly built, a
good runner, plenty of nerve, good judgment and cool-headed.
Theoretically, he is the captain of the team, for he directs its
play from the start of the game to the end. If he is an intelligent
and experienced player, his judgment will rarely be questioned
by the captain, and if this be the case the captain should be
reprimanded for such interference. The quarter-back is depended
upon for the team's victories and blamed, generally, for its
defeats.
This man should have a combination of qualities, which, for-
tunately, most quarter-backs have.
First — He must have a good memory. He should be able to
remember from sixty to seventy different plays and the signals
for them, and he must know them in such a way that there
is no hesitancy or delay on his part in giving them.
Second— He must be able to devise some plan for finding out
the weaknesses in the opposing team, and then hammer them
consistently. This is accomplished most readily by using the
1— rractice Id runniug around end; foot ball represents end man on opposing
team. 2— Coach Rockwell training the men how to side-step with the ball
or dodge while i-unning. 3 — Captain Sam Morse recovering a fumble and
starting for a man ahead. 4 — Coach Rockwell and Trainer John Mack
showing a player how to make a forward pass over an opposing player.
YALE PRACTICE SCENES,
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 57
full-back and sending him at every point in the line, thus finding
some spot which is weaker than any of the others.
Third — He must not use any man too much, for fear of tiring
him too quickly, thus weakening the offense and the team as a
result.
Fourth^— He should consult with his own line men in regard to
the position of their opponents, thus ascertaining, in a measure,
the chances of sending a play through one of them with a marked
degree of success.
Fifth — ^He should always encourage his team mates, whether
they are being outplayed or otherwise, for it is too well known
in foot ball that the players never lie down and a little encourage-
ment goes a great way.
Sixth — He must always bear in mind the coach's instructions,
and also consider them seriously.
Seventh — Always consider your opponents as gentlemen.
Eighth — Always treat the officials in a courteous manner, being
ever mindful of the fact that they are selected as impartial
overseers of the game, and, too, that any act of discourtesy on
the part of any player gives the officials the power to send the
offender from the game.
Ninth — Be a cheerful loser and give the credit where it
belongs.
Tenth — Take your victories modestly and your defeats with
courage.
POSITION OF THE QUARTER-BACK.
The quarter-back should stand squarely behind the center in a
crouched position. It is necessary that he hold his hands in a
fixed position to receive the ball. He should make no move
whatever, with his hands, or by a dip, from bending of the knees,
to receive the ball, for if he does he immediately gives a warning
to the opposing team, thus enabling them in many cases to get
the charge on his own team mates. In connection with this, it
may be necessary to add, that it is very helpful to have a starting
signal. This enables the team to start at the same time and
does not give the opponents any undue advantage, which might
come if the quarter were to give a motion with his hands or
some other outward sign.
In receiving the ball from the center, the quarter should use
his hands as much as possible. I have found it very useful by
having my hands close to my body in such a manner that the
ball comes in contact with my body and hands at practically the
same time, causing no delay whatever, in passing the ball to the
player who was called upon to carry it on that particular play.
0^^^
3 Illustrating the forward pass, the ball hping held bv both hands and
tin-own in the manner used in basket ball. 2— Captain Foster of the Har-
vard. I'.Mlfi tenm
PRACTICE SCENES.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 59
Many coaches advocate a side position, which necessitates, as
they claim, a surer pass from the center, but it does not allow
the quarter to start quickly, thus delaying him in getting the
ball to the runner immediately, which is a very essential point.
The quarter must familiarize himself as much as possible with
the ball. He should spend plenty of time working with his
center, making whatever adjustments and suggestions he deems
necessary for the further perfection of his play. He must spend
some time practicing with a wet, heavy ball, for no one can tell
when the conditions will be such that the ball will become wet,
heavy and soggy.
PASSING.
In my estimation, passing is the most important work of the
quarter-back. As has already been stated, nearly every team has
its quarter coached differently in the various branches of attack.
When the full-back is called upon to make a straight plunge
on the half-back for a straight buck or cross-buck the quarter
should never fail to place the ball in the stomach of the man
who is to carry it. This is a cardinal point in the work of the
quarter and too much emphasis cannot be laid on it.
If the full-back is to make a straight buck on the right of
center, the quarter should pivot on his left foot, quarter of the
way round, and with his left hand place the ball in the pit of
the stomach of the full-back, and vice versa if he bucks on the
left side. The same theory holds true in passing to the half-
backs for straight bucks and cross-bucks, only on the cross-bucks
he steps to the side and back, and places the ball in the stomach
as before. Of course, in the wide end runs and trick plays this
cannot be carried out, but should be always borne in mind by
the quarter-back.
This point of passing is very essential to good team work, for
nothing will slow up a team quicker than poor passing, which is
of course the fault of the quarter-back. If the players begin to
lose confidence in the quarter-back they will not put the same
dash and drive in their work as they would otherwise. Then
again, the quarter-back is only a cog in the great machine, and
he should fulfill his part of the work without any hesitation or
delay.
TACKLING.
As a general rule the offensive quarter-back plays defensive
full-back on defence and as such innumerable opportunities
present themselves for him to test his own tackling ability.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 61
When playing the above position on defence it is best to play
from fifteen to twenty yards back of the scrimmage, thus
enabling the quarter to stop a runner in the open field without
any considerable gain, and because it is easier to stop him then
than it would be if he once obtained a good start.
Too much time cannot be spent in practicing tackling. It is
a fundamental requisite of his position and should be perfected
by him, more than by any one else.
The quarter should never run up on a man, when he once gets
loose, for it is the easiest thing in the world to dodge a man
when he is coming up to meet you. The tackier must wait for
the runner to come to him, and then by some original schemes,
such as a little jumping sideways, endeavor to hit him about the
thighs, as the rule forbidding tackling below the knees is being
enforced. The quarter must be able to tackle with both shoulders
equally well, and should not favor one shoulder, as is quite
frequently the case.
It is generally better to corner the runner, if possible, between
the side-line and yourself, and when you are absolutely sure you
have him safe, you should make a running dive at him, thus
enabling the tackier to break any stiff-arm and prevent the
runner from dodging. Nothing is more distasteful to the fol-
lower of foot ball than to see a half-hearted attempt at tackling,
such as a tackle around the neck or by the arm. From such
attempts as these injuries are inflicted, occasionally of a serious
nature.
The defensive quarter of course is forced by circumstances to
tackle a runner wherever he can. The player in this position
should be a man of experience, intelligence and strength. He
should be able to size up situations quickly and direct his team
mates accordingly. An experienced, defensive quarter is occa-
sionally able to foresee a certain play by the actions of the backs
of the opposing team. Not unfrequently does an experienced
half or full-back point with his eyes or feet in the direction of
a play and naturally more so in the case of the inexperienced
player. One great point, which he must continually bear in
mind, is not to go into a play too quickly, for it may happen
that it is a fake or split interference play, and, naturally, to get
the defensive quarter drawn in, adds to the value of the play.
He must always throw himself under a pile and never try to
resist a mass standing up.
As a general rule the play on a third down is either a kick
or a buck through the line and after the game is fifteen minutes
old the man backing up the line should know what is going to
happen.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRART. 63
INTERFERENCE.
The quarter-back is quite an important man in the interference
and much can be said about his work in this particular branch.
In straight phmges by the halves or full-back, he should nut
attempt to get in ahead of the runner, or immediately behind,
because he thus has a tendency to clog and slow up the play.
The quicker the play gets up to the line of scrimmage, the more
value it has, and the quarter can follow and add his weight and
strength when the play has met some opposition, but not until
then. When the quarter plays thus he is practically a free man
and must be constantly alert for fumbles, which occasionally
happen and frequently result seriously. In end-running, it is a
cardinal principle for the quarter to head the interference.
When the half-backs are called upon for cross-bucks off the
tackles the quarter should buckle on to them around the hips
and help them along to the best of his ability, always placing the
ball in their stomachs. It is a mighty good point to practice the
whirling form on this play, that is, when the player has struck
some opposition, twist or whirl him in such a way that he will
free himself from the tackier. The quarter should practice
dragging a great deal, because it is a mighty good point, and in
a crucial game every inch of ground counts.
In open-field interference the interferer shcnild not hesitate to
leave his feet to take a man out of the way, espcn.illy it the
opponent is the defensive full-back. Of course, the intrrferer
must make sure of his man, and this can best be done by getting
him between the side-line and himself, then making a lunge for
him, so that his body will strike the tackier about the knees.
But the interferer must be certain of his position before the
lunge is made, as the tackier may side-step the interferer as he
takes the lunge. This is the surest way there is for taking a
man out of the way, and it is a form that can be accomplished
with practice. Work on the tackling dummy is mighty good
for this.
HANDLING PUNTS.
The new rule which allows any player possession of the ball
after it has been kicked will undoubtedly put a premium on
quarter-backs who are perfected in this branch of the game. No
one rale can be laid down telling a player how to catch a foot
ball, but numerous suggestions can be made upon this point.
A punted ball has no definite direction, for it may be diverted
from its course by numerous air currents which come from
openings in the grandstands or other sources, thus making it
very hard to judge the ball accurately. Of course the ball is
» a
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 65
caught against the body, if properly judged, with the aid of the
arms and hands. It is also a good thing to bring the leg in
action, by pulling it up in such a manner as not to allow the ball
to drop downward after being caught.
The quarter-back should pay no attention whatever to the men
who are coming down to tackle him. He must make sure of the
ball and then of the men who are coming down to tackle him.
When he has caught the ball he should carry it in such a way
that the point is well up under the arm and the other point
resting in the palm of his hand. When he is tackled he must
be absolutely sure to hold on to the ball by wrapping both arms
around it. It is a rather poor policy to attempt to catch a ball
on the run, as the chances of missing it are greater than the
chances of catching it. When carrying the ball the runner should
never run straight into a man, because an injury is easier averted
by side-stepping and getting the force of the blow on the side.
Kick-offs are different from punts in that they have a definite
direction, thus making them easier to catch. It is best to catch
kick-offs on the run, if possible, because they are much simpler
to handle and the catcher runs very little risk of dropping them,
and then, again, he is moving rather fast, covering the ground
and in a better position to dodge. Always get possession of the
ball if it goes behind the goal line, for if the opponents get it,
it is a touchdown for them.
GIVING SIGNALS.
The quarter-back in giving signals must give them loud and
clear. The fundamental point in this branch of the quarter's
work is his utmost familiarity with the signals. He must have
them continually at his tongue's end and he should help other
members of the team memorize them.
If a signal is to be repeated the quarter must rise from a
crouching to a standing position and give the signal with the
same clearness and distinctness as before. He must never turn
to either side and repeat the signal, for he may unconsciously
give the play away. When a repetition of the signal is called
for it is best to turn around and face the backs and then turn
back and give it to the line. Especially is this true on a day
when there is plenty of noise, and for this reason I favor series
plays, when two or three plays can be run off from one signal,
thus giving a team the advantage of fast play.
PUNTING AND DROP-KICKING.
It is a rather difficult matter to describe how to kick a foot
ball accurately. Kicking applies to punting as well as scoring
] — A drop-kjck. .Shows that the follow-through is considerably less, giving
less distance Imt greater accuracj-. 2 — Illustrates the following-through on
a long punt.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 67
from the field, but the two branches of this part of the game are
absolutely distinct.
It is hardly necessary, I suppose, to explain that a punt differs
from a drop-kick in that when the former is nmde the ball is
dropped and kicked before it touches the ground. In a drop-
kick the ball is dropped to the ground and kicked just as it is
rising on the bound.
In the last few years, with the development of place-kicking,
drop-kicking has to a certain extent gone out of use. So far as
I am concerned I prefer drop-kicking to place-kicking. In the
latter form of scoring the responsibility is divided between two
men — the one who holds the ball and the actual kicker. This
division of responsibility of course doubles the chances of
failure, for not only must the kicker do his work accurately and
quickly, but the man who holds the ball also must make no
mistake.
Just what is the exact secret of successful kicking is as hard
for me to explain as for any one else. No two kickers use abso-
lutely the same method. I know that when I was first learning
to kick I was frequently told by good coaches that my method
w^as all wrong.
The two most important points about kicking, whether it is
punting or drop-kicking, are accuracy and speed. No matter
how good a kicker a man may be — no matter how accurate even—
if he is not fast in getting the ball away he is practically help-
less. Therefore, a man learning to kick should endeavor first
and foremost to attain speed. It must be the right kind of
speed, too. The kind that is best understood by the phrase
"make haste slowly." A man who loses his sureness in attempt-
ing to get speed is just as bad as a man who is so slow as to
have his kick blocked.
The kicker should always try to make a kick in just the same
space of time, whether he is merely practicing on a clear field or
actually kicking from behind the line in a game. He should try
and feel just as if there were no one trying to break through the
line and block his kick. He should know he has just about so
many seconds in which to get the ball away and he must take
all that time to increase the accuracy of the kick.
Accuracy, after a certain point in the development of kicking,
is better than distance. An accurate punter can generally place
the ball so that a man on the opposing team who catches it is
almost sure to be tackled before he can run back any great
distance. On the other hand, as one frequently sees in a game,
some punter gets great distance, but the man who catches the
ball is able to run it back.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 69
In punting, the kicker should always have a good idea of just
where the opposing back-field men are waiting to receive the
ball. It should be his idea to get the greatest possible distance,
at the same time trying to put the ball where it is hardest for
the opponent to get it and where the ends on his own team will
have the least difficulty in making a tackle.
All this applies to punting, but although this is the most
important branch in the kicking end of the game, it is the drop-
kicking that appeals to the spectator. A large proportion of
every crowd at a game knows really little about the finer points
of foot ball. This class of spectators does not realize how
important punting is. A man is apt to forget that a single punt
may gain forty or fifty yards in a few seconds, which it has
taken the opposing team many minutes of hard play to obtain.
This is not the case with drop-kicking. If the drop-kick is
successful, it gains four points, and the spectators appreciate it
more than any other kind of kicking, just as they are apt to
think more of the effort which gains the last yard for a touch-
down than of a much longer gain made earlier.
As I have already said, it is rather hard to explain how to
make drop-kicks. In making such a kick the kicker should get
the ball on a high pass, about shoulder high, then turn a little
to the right before dropping the ball to the ground. Then just
as it rises on the bound he is in a position to swing at it with
his right leg full force.
Before making a drop-kick it is always well for the man who
is about to attempt it to look at the ground about him closely,
so that he may avoid any rough places. The slightest inaccuracy
in' dropping the ball or in kicking affects the accuracy of one's
aim enormously. Not only must the ball be dropped just right,
but it must be kicked at just the right second. The toe and
instep should come in contact with the ball at the same time and
the square-toed shoe is of very great value in accomplishing
this end.
However, when all is said in explanation and when the most
accurate pictures of drop-kicking have been studied, it remains
for the beginner, who wants to learn how to do it, to get a foot
ball and try. That is the only way. No explanation or coaching
will make up for experience.
W. T. REID, JR.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
PLAY OF THE BACKS
BY W. T. REID, JR.,
Full-back Harvard Foot Ball Team of 1899 and Head
Coach Harvard 'Varsity Foot Ball Team for 1905.
r^
IISI3lllll3tll3l3
Properly speaking, the term "backs" refers to the quarter-
back, the two half-backs and the full-back. This article, how-
ever, will deal only with the three latter positions, leaving the very
technical work of the quarter-back to some other writer.
The three backs, as we shall term them, are closely associated
in everything that they do. On the offence they alternate in
carrying the ball and in pushing each other along, while on the
defence at least two of them, and sometimes all three, are called
upon to reinforce the rush line. And they are usually of about
the same size and weight.
With all these points of similarity there is much that belongs
to each separate position that goes to make it unwise for a back
to attempt to play in more than one position. For instance, if
the right half attempts to play at left half he must accustom
himself to the use of the right side of his body in interference
instead of his left, to starting toward the right side of the line
for many of his main plays instead of to the left, to receiving the
ball from the quarter-back from another angle, and in general to
an almost exactly opposite way of doing things from that to
which he has been accustomed. From these observations it must
be clear that while the duties of the various positions are just
different enough to make it unwise to change players about, they
are nevertheless so nearly alike fundamentally as to make it pos-
sible to deal with them as a whole, thereby saving much repetition
and unnecessary explanation.
QUALIFICATIONS.
The mental qualifications of a good back are first of all that
he shall enter into his work with the proper spirit. Unless he
has this spirit— that is, unless he is willing to subordinate his
personal wishes to the general welfare of the team, and what
is more, to do so heartily and enthusiastically — he cannot hope
ever to be a great player, even though he have marked indi-
vidual ability along every line of play. Team play is the essence
•'^^f^.
/^
I
1-FINISH OF KICK. 2— GOOD ARI\I DEFENSE TO LOW TACKLE.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 73
of successful foot ball, and he who is looking first of all to his
own interests will never make a "team" player; he will not con-
tribute his share to the esprit de corps of the backs, and he will
never "fight" for all he is worth from the beginning of a game
until the end.
Besides having the proper spirit he should be heartily co-
operative ; he should be full of aggressiveness both on the offence
and defence; full of sand and grit, and imbued with a rea-
sonable amount of judgment. Physically a back should be com-
pactly built, strong and quick, never slow nor clumsy, and should
weigh anywhere from 170 to 190 pounds. Formerly it was not
necessary to have such heavy backs, owing to the fact that one
or more linemen could always be used to do the heavy line-
breaking work. Now, however, when the ball must be carried
over the greater portion of the field by a limited number of men —
the necessity for heavy, powerful backs to do this, must be evi-
dent. In earlier days, before the defensive side of the game
came to be so well understood, and before special styles of de-
fence were devised to meet special forms of offense — it was
generally planned to have at least one of the backs a good end
runner. This provision is not so important now as it once was,
owing to the fact that end running is no longer practiced with
old time success. The defence has mastered the end running
game, unless indeed it consist of skillfully devised deception. In
its place has come the demand for heavy line buckers and plung-
ers. Hence, it is well for teams of to-day to choose for backs,
those men who can as nearly as possible perform the task of the
linemen of the past two or three years. If, in meeting these re-
quirements, an end runner turns up — ^well and good. The aver-
age end-running of the present day is quite as likely to lose
ground as it is to gain it, and this is particulary true when the
opposing tackles play well out from their guards. Of course
end runs will always be used strategically, to prevent the op-
ponents from concentrating their defence on the bucking, but
very seldom, with the idea of making consistent ground. Finally,
the back should have the knack of not getting hurt. Some men
have this to a marked degee, and almost never get hurt, while
others are equally unfortunate and are constantly being injured.
As team play is dependent upon "drill," and that in its turn is
dependent upon the individual, it is easy to see why an "immune"
back is most desirable.
FUNDAMENTAL POINTS. '
Too much emphasis cannot be placed upon the necessity for
thorough drill in fundamentals. These fundamentals consist of
falling on the ball, passing it, kicking, catching and carrying it.
1-COACH STAGG OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. 2-STAGG
2— STAGG. JR.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 76
"Falling on the ball," or, more properly speaking, falling around
the ball, should be practiced while the ball is at rest, and then,
while it is in motion, to the right, left, front and rear. In any
case the player should be very careful not to dive at it in such a
way as to dive the top of his shoulder into the ground, for a bad
bruise or injury is likely to result.
Neither should he ever attempt to fall flat upon the ball in
order to prevent injury to his wind or his chest; instead, he
should fall flat, either so that his weight shall be on his elbows or
knees, or else so that his body at his waist is doubled up around
the ball, which he shall hug closely with his arms and hands.
In diving for the ball the player should dive as closely to the
ground as possible, thus preventing an opponent from getting
under him. He should always see to it that his body is between
the ball and an opponent. These points make for added safety
and protection.
Backs should have enough practice in passing balls to feel
thoroughly at home with them. This is especially true under the
new rules. They cannot be sure of this unless they handle new
balls, wet balls, old balls and dry balls, and unless they handle
them incessantly.
Unless this is the case a team is likely to find itself with-
out a kicker, perhaps in the midst of some important game.
And the ordinary need for a kicker has been increased greatly
by the changes in the rules, which make it necessary to advance
the ball over the central portion of the field, with only four
inen behind the line — which is, of course, a much slower and
less powerful way than that practiced year before last. Here
it is that a superior kicker can be of inestimable service to his
team — since in no way can big gains be so quickly or easily made
as through the kicking game. Therefore it is of the greatest
importance that as many of the backs as possible should be good
kickers, or at least punters.
Indeed a good kicking game, if successful, is certain to bring
wath it quicker and more frequent scoring than almost any other
style of play. This is due, of course, to the enormous distances
which good kicks cover, together with the consequent saving of
time and energy. Even more attention should be devoted to
catching, for almost nothing in foot ball may result so disas-
trously as a bad fumble in the back field. Unless a back is sure
at catching, or shows signs of becoming sure, with practice and
experience, he should never be allowed to attempt catching.
Bungling work in the back field is the most demoralizing thing
than can happen to any team.
Carrying the ball is the main function of the backs, hence the
need of knowing how to carry it safely. This depends upon the
76 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
way in which the ball is held. For end runs one end of the ball
should be tucked under the arm — not too far under, so that it can
be knocked out — while the other end should be firmly grasped
and covered with the hand. In bucking, the ball should be held
in the pocket formed by the stomach and legs, as the runner
crouches, with both hands, though in case a back feels that he
has the ball secure there is no reason why he should not use
one hand to ward off opponents. In the case of end runs the
back should be prepared to ward off runners with either hand,
changing the ball when necessary from one side to the other.
And whether bucking or running, a back should never allow
himself to loosen this hold on the ball, owing to the necessity
of giving much attention to passing some particular opponent.
The grip on the ball should be automatic and vise-like. Where
a back is uncertain of his hold he may get good practice by
bouncing a ball against a wall and then clapping it at once into
position on the return.
It is of course necessary that the backs should tackle and
interfere well. This means that they should both tackle and
interfere low — the only difference between the two being that in
case of a tackle the runner takes hold of his man, while in the
interference he does all that the tackier does except take hold.
A high tackier or interferer has no place behind the line, par-
ticularly in these days.
Finally, no back can be effective who does not start quickly.
An offence which is so slow in reaching its object as to allow
a concentration of opponents at that spot before the play hits is
of course worthless. The attack must be quick and hard. For
this reason the backs should constantly practice getting off
quickly and getting up their maximum speed instantly. There
are several ways of starting. Some backs stand in a crouching
position, with one foot a little in the rear of the other, and with
the knees turned well in. This enables them to start to the
right or left or to the front without a moment's loss of time and
with great initial power. Other backs assume a sprinting start.
The sprint start position, with only one hand touching the ground,
and that only sufficiently to steady the runner, is at the present
time generally conceded to be the most effective. Both ways are
good ; in fact, any way is good that will enable a back to get off
quickly and in any direction. The things to be avoided are a
momentary straightening of the back at the instant of the start,
and a short backward step. In case the latter step seems neces-
sary the back should take his position with one foot back to begin
with, thus making it unnecessary to take an additional one.
There should be no backward motion of either foot
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 77
In general, backs should exercise extreme care to prevent
unevenness in starting. Starting too soon or too late is only
productive of fumbles and offside play, to say nothing of the
upsetting influence which it produces throughout the team.
. Along with his fundamentals, every back should spend con-
siderable time in learning the rules of the game. This part of
the work is often entirely neglected, and much to the detriment
of the individual, for how can a man play a game well or intel-
ligently when he does not even know the rules governing the
game? It is an altogether too common sight to see teams let
opportunities slip through ignorance of the rules ; indeed, such
ignorance has on more than one occasion actually cost a team
its game, and such neglect has even existed in some of the larger
university teams.
A foot ball player is frequently called upon most unexpectedly,
to decide instantly upon some question of the game, and just as
frequently his decision or lack of decision enables him either to
do the right or the wrong thing and thus either secure an added
advantage or else precipitate an added disadvantage upon his
side.
Every back should be absolutely familiar with the distinctions
between a "safety," a "touchback" and a "touchdown." He
should know what constitutes a "fair catch" — what a violation
of it, and so on throughout the rules.
And after the rules have been mastered, a player should be
told to make his play always, in case of doubt — and then refer
to the officials — and under no consideration to stop because he
hears a whistle blow or because he hears some one yelling for
him to stop. A player can never make a mistake in carrying out
this suggestion, and may, on some occasion, save himself a bad
blunder through a misunderstanding.
The position of back is one of the most exhaustive ones in all
foot ball. At no other position is there so little opportunity for
rest or let-up. It is go, go, all the time, first with the ball, then
in the interference, then on defense. It is necessary, then, that
a back should always be in the very best of condition, never over-
worked, always full of vigor and life. It is better to underwork
a back than to overwork him.
Of the two half-backs on a team' it is generally planned that
one shall be a good end runner, the other a good plunger or
bucker. Such an arrangement gives more all around possibilities
to an eleven, particularly where there is an opportunity for broken
field running.
78 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
On the offense the position of the backs will depend tipon
the style of game that is adopted. Sometimes they are played
a full five yards behmd the rush line, on other occasions
they are played a scant three, while on still other occasions
they form at even greater or less distance. The possibili-
ties of formation are never ending, especially under the new
rules allowing forward passing. When in position, and just
previous to starting, the backs should take every precaution
to prevent giving the direction of the play away by uncon-
scious glances, movements or "leanings." It is also well for
the back to save himself whenever he can from the nervous
tension of prolonged waiting. Many backs subject themselves
to some such strain by getting onto their toes several moments
before the ball is to be put in play, or by not "letting up" at
the call of "time." This may be avoided if the back will
"key himself up" just at the last moment. But above all a
back should be steady. He should never in all his play slow
up for his interference, or even allow any other back to be
slowed up by dilatoriness on his own part. He should start
instantly and "dig" — never letting up an instant for any-
thing. He should play with indomitable spirit. If he fails to
gain the first try he should grit his teeth and make it gain the
second.
In end running a back should be careful not to run too close
to his interference when in case the interference is upset he is
likely to fall over his protectors. Instead he should run with
a little interval between himself and his interference, thus giving
himself a chance to see where they are going and to take instant
advantage of any upset. Where possible it is well for a back to
run low so long as he can see where he is going, for by so doing
he is likely to cause his opponents a moment's delay in locating
him. When tackled he should aim to fall forward. To this
end he should run with his body slanting forward, where it is
exceedingly difficult for an opponent to overcome the combined
power of gravity and the player's efforts. After falling, a back
should never hold the ball out at arm's reach, as there is danger
that it may be stolen from him.
In bucking, one of the very important points to be kept in
mind is that of keeping the eyes open. A back who closes his
eyes as he makes his plunge is likely to fall flat on his face
when an opening in the line presents itself suddenly where he
had expected to find the passage choked. A back should never
allow himself to hesitate or slow up as he strikes the line, he
should strike it while at his maximum speed. A back may run
high or low, according to circumstances, particularly so long as
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 79
he keeps his feet — a most valuable quality. It is also wise for
the back to take short steps, as in this way he is not so likely
to find himself too much spread out where the footing is hardly
firm and where it is almost impossible to get his feet under him
in case of some sudden shove or push. The legs should accord-
ingly be bent as the back strikes the line, because in this way
he is able to exert much lifting power in case of need. The
arms and hands should also be used to make progress. Many
backs lose much of their effectiveness because they utilize only a
portion of their power. The feet should ordinarily be kept on
the ground, because only when they are there are they of much
service. When, however, there is an imperative need of making
a gain of a foot or so the back had best dive at the line — this
being especially applicable to the full-back. Hurdling is now
absolutely forbidden. When downed after a buck — or after
any play, for that matter — a back should instantly straighten
out so that there are no doubled up joints for succeeding
players to fall upon. Where a back is attempting to assist
a fellow player along he should aim to get him low and
boost him along with his shoulders, rarely with the hands.
And under no circumstances should he give him a final shove
in the neighborhood of the shoulders, for this is certain to cause
the runner to topple forward. In case a back is tackled and seems
about to fall a fellow player can often be of great service if
he will grasp the runner by the arm or elbow, and at the same
time that he holds him up pull him forward. It frequently hap-
pens in such a case that the runner will shake off the tackier and
make an additional gain of several feet or even yards before
being finally downed.
In attempting line bucking the back should keep his chin
close in to his neck, so as to prevent having his head twisted
back over his shoulder, and he should also buck with the
muscles of the neck held tense. This will tend to prevent bad
wrenches of the neck and possibly injury to it. \yhen in the
midst of a line-bucking play which has resolved itself into a
pushing contest between the two teams, the back should seek an
outlet at the point of least resistance, usually to be found by
feeling his way in different directions, and in general, a back
should not raise his head until he has wholly cleared the sec-
ondary defense, as in this position it is very difficult for oppo-
nents to stop him, unless they have a clean chance for a tackle.
In case a back feels any doubt about the signal for a play, he
should at once call out. "Signal." Otherwise collisions, fumbles
and confusion will result. And no matter what a back thinks, he
should invariablv follow out the signal. The fault is not his if
go SPALDING'S ATHLETIC HlBRART.
the play does not gain, but it is absolutely his fault if he does not
go where he is directed. This rule should be absolute.
Another rule which should be invariably followed is that of
never running back. It is a back's function to advance the ball,
If he is unable to do so he should at least never lose ground.
If a back fumbles he should fall on the ball at once, never
attempting to pick it up unless it bounces high. Attempting
to pick up a fumbled ball is only making a bad matter worse.
A back is responsible for the ball if it comes to him, and he
should always remember that the possession of it is of the first
importance.
It is the half-back's duty to afford proper protection to his
kicker. He should afford it. He should also be reliable in
getting any particular opponent who may be assigned to him
to keep out of a given play out of the play. He should put
his entire strength into every play and should always have
his "nose on the bail." He should follow it everywhere. Mr.
Forbes has hit the nail on the head in this respect when he
says : "A man's value to his team varies as the square of his
distance from the ball."
In the midst of play, whether on the offense or defense, the
backs should see to encourage each other by a word, a touch or
a look. Such simple though effective aids to thorough sym-
pathy and harmony between them should never be overlooked.
A hearty word of confidence spoken immediately after a bad
fumble or other blunder will always cause the unfortunate
player to put new life and determination into his work, while
a bit of cutting sarcasm will drive him to anger or else dis-
hearten him. When off the field a back should never allow
himself to make unfavorable comments on any of his fellow
players, unless indeed it be to the coach or captain. Nothing is
so likely to spoil relations among players as criticism — offered
behind the back. Certain annoyances should be borne for the
sake of the team, even though they may be at times very
exasperating. When a fellow back or fellow player is injured and
confined to his bed nothing will so contribute to hearty relation-
ship as frequent calls and anxious solicitation for recovery.
DEFENSE.
On the defense the backs and ends will have much to look
after. Each has his particular station behind the line, with its
primary and secondary responsibilities. Just what these positions
are, whether far from the rush line, near to it or in it, must
depend upon the style of game that is being played. Suffice it to
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 81
say, however, that all styles are planned to the same end — to stop
opposing plays.
As a rule the backs are so distributed as to most broadly
cover the possible openings at which opponents are likely to
direct their plays. Consequently as the opponent's offense varies,
so should the defense. Sometimes it seems well to attempt to
meet opponents behind their own line, at other times to meet
them at the line, and on other occasions still to meet them
behind your own line. Again, a back is sometimes held respon-
sible for a run around the opposite side of the line from that on
which he is stationed, so that the various combinations of respon-
sibilities, due to the tactics of any particular opponent, are never
ending.
Ordinarily the backs are looked upon as forming a secondary
line of defense. In such a case they must exercise great care
not to get drawn into a play too quickly, and yet they should
be equally careful not to wait too long before attacking the
play. A back who waits too long is as bad as one who goes
in too early. A happy medium is what should be aimed at, and
it can be obtained only by constant practice and vigilant watch-
fulness. To exercise this vigilance the back must needs stand
high enough to see where the play is going, and at the same
time not be so high as to allow of being struck by an opponent
while in an extended position. The instant a back sizes up a play
he should get as soon as possible to the point of attack, watching
carefully for trick plays, short kicks and forward passes all the
while. A back will seldom be fooled by such plays if he will
always keep a close eye on straggling players, and remember that
the ball, not the motion of any mass, indicates the point of attack.
Once a back has decided to attempt to head off a runner or a
play, at a certain point, he should get his eye on the man with the
ball and keep it there, never losing sight of him, always keeping
his position in the interference in mind and never allowing him-
self to attempt to see where he is going. That part of it will
take care of itself. Such precautions as those just outlined will
prevent most any back from being fooled as to the location of
the ball— owing to a temporary relaxation of vigilance. And
vigilance in these days of concealed methods of passing the ball
is exceedingly necessary. In attempting to stop end runs, and in
fact in stopping any play, a back should never allow an opponent
to hit him with his body; he should keep his opponent away with
his arms. A back has no business to allow himself to get hit.
In meeting heavy mass plays the back should either dive at the
base of the head of the play, grabbing an arm full of legs, or m
case he is too slow in getting there and the play is dragging along
82 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
he should, if chance offers, seek to swing the head of the play to
one side where the direct line of pressure is broken and where a
momentary delay will give his own players a chance to down the
runner before the opponents have a chance to reorganize. Many
times one man can upset a mass play effectually, where had he
tried to tackle one of the players he would have been thrown off
or dragged along some distance further.
The question as to whether a back shall break through and
attempt to tackle behind an opponent's line is a very difficult one
to treat. Sometimes, where a back is strong on the defense and
the opposing line is weak it is advisable. But where the opposing
rush line is a strong one and particularly where it is stronger
than your own it is certainly inadvisable. In such a case the
backs should hold themselves as reserves rather than as of the
rush line. Otherwise, in case an opponent clears your rush line,
a long run is likely to follow.
In everything that they do, whether on offense or defense, the
three backs should combine in every possible way with the
quarter-back. The center rush, the three backs and the quarter-
back should practice constantly together so as to get the purely
mechanical work of their positions well ordered, and in a con-
test the three backs should keep the quarter-back constantly
informed of weak places in the opposing defense, that he may
profit by them when occasion demands. In a nutshell, all four
backs should strive for mental, moral and physical team play
both on and off the field.
BACK-FIELD WORK.
In the back field, the main function of the backs is the handling
of kicks, and it is one of the most trying functions of all foot ball.
To have to catch a ball while one's opponents are in many cases
standing within arm's reach like so many wolves ready to take
advantage of the slightest slip up is bad enough, but when these
conditions are augmented by the necessity of judging a high kick
in a gale of wind, and remembering that a kicked ball touching
the ground puts every one on-side, they become well-nigh unbear-
able except to the coolest, most skillful and best drilled players.
Such, however, is the trying position in which backs often find
themselves on thirty or forty separate occasions in a single game.
And worst of all they are severely censured where they fail of
a clean record. A team can never know how much kicking it is
likely to meet in any game until the game is on, and it can never
know when the winning or losing of a game may turn upon the
safe handling of a single kick. The possibilities of catastrophes
are greater in the back field than in any other branch of foot ball
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 83
play, and so it is imperative that only the most reliable men
should represent an eleven there. The backs, then, cannot be
given too much practice in catching kicks under every possible
condition. They should practice with ends running down on
them, with the wind against the kicker as well as with him, with
a wet and dry ball. Furthermore, they should be given an oppor-
tunity to handle rolling, bouncing and twisting balls.
Under ordinary circumstances only one back is kept in the back
field, although this year it is probable that two will be needed.
It is his duty to handle all unexpected kicks and to tackle any
runner that may get by the other ten players. He must be a sure
catcher and tackier, and something of a kicker. This back may
find himself on some occasion in the very trying position of
being the only man between his goal and a fast opponent. When
this is the case the back must, as a general rule, depend upon his
own initiative for his line of action. No one else can lay it out
for him. There are, however, one or two points which any back
will do well to keep in mind. It is always a good plan to try to
force the runner to take that direction that will bring him nearest
to the side line, where it may be possible either to corner him or
to force him out of bounds. There is little sense in undertaking
to tackle a runner who has the whole field to manoeuvre in, when
you can reduce the field by two-thirds. Another point to be kept
in mind is that of never running at full speed at a runner whom
it is your intention to tackle, especially when he has an oppor-
tunity to side-step or dodge you. This side-stepping is the easiest
thing imaginable where the tackier bears down on his victim at
full speed. It is frequently illustrated when ends overrun a full-
back, who by a simple side-step eludes them and makes a good
run. Instead, the back should run fast toward his opponent until
he gets within fifteen or twenty yards of him, when he should
slow up and get ready to respond to dodging, which can only be
done when the back has full control of his body. And he
should exercise great care not to be fooled by some false motion
on the part of the runner. This false motion is usually given
with the upper part of the body, and can only be detected by
keeping a close watch on the hips, which will always give away
the real tendency of the body.
In case it may at some time seem advisable to utilize the
defensive ability of the goal tender, as we may call him, on the
rush line, and consequently to put another man back there in
his place, a sure catcher should be chosen even if he is unable
to do much at open field tackling. The reasoning here is that
where a back is given one opportunity to prevent a touchdown
by a decisive tackle in the open field — which is frequently missed
g4 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
by even the best players, owing to the tremendous speed of the
runner — he is given twenty chances to catch the ball where any
one catch, if missed, might mean a touchdown. Under these
circumstances it is of course better to provide for the common
play rather than for the emergency. The goal tend should keep
a sharp lookout for trick plays and where possible keep his
fellow players posted by calling out advice which his distance
from the scrimmage may enable him to give.
The moment the opponents give evidence of an intention to
kick, one or two of the other backs should at once drop back
to reinforce the goal tend. Care must of course be taken that
the evidence is genuine before they go clear back, but once
they feel sure of this point they should run back at full speed,
looking over their shoulders about every ten yards to prevent
the kick from surprising them, or else to be ready for a return
to the line in case of a fake. Backs frequently loaf back to
their position. This is all wrong; they should be either on the
line or way back of it, with as little time as possible wasted in
getting into either position. The distance of these backs from
the rush line and their relative positions in the back field will
depend upon circumstances. If the kicker is a good one and
has the wind at his back they should of course play further
back than if he is a poor kicker and has a stiff wind against
him. The thing to be avoided is the danger of playing too
far back. This is a very common fault among novices, who
dread having the ball kicked over their heads and who, in order
to prevent such a catastrophe, play so far back that it is impos-
sible for them to catch more than three out of five of the
shorter kicks, owing to the impossibility of getting under the
ball. It is better policy to take one chance in fifty of having a
kick go over one's head for the sake of catching the great
majority of them than it is to prevent a kick over one's head
at the expense of having to handle them on the bounce, where
the opportunities for gaining ground after the catch are nil.
No ball should be allowed to bounce, for it puts the opponents
all on-side. They should all be caught on the fly, and if balls
are bouncing it shows that the backs are not covering the ground
in a thorough manner.
Once they are the proper distance behind the line the backs
should spread out in such a way as best to cover the territory in
which the ball is likely to fall. To this end they should not
stand too near each other or too near the side line. If they
stand too near together they will overlap much ground, and if
they stand too near the side line they will enable themselves to
catch many balls which go in touch and which there is no need
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 85
of providing for, while at the same time they will be unable to
cover much important ground within the field. The backs
should play far enough apart so that they can concentrate at any
given spot in time to be of assistance to each other either in
catching or in the interference. In case a strong wind is blowing
at the kicker's back one of the backs should play a little in rear
of the others in order to provide for a possible misjudging or for
fumbles. Under ordinary conditions one of the backs should play
well in front of the others in order to be ready for short kicks or
other tricks. In case one of the backs essays a fair catch the
others should be on the watch for a fumble. The best way to get
practice on these various points is to put two sets of backs, with
center, at work kicking and catching. Then a competition may
be encouraged with result that all the players become interested,
and in the endeavor to win the competition give each other the
best practice possible.
Whenever possible it is well to have ends run down under the
kicks, thereby givhig the backs every opportunity to catch kicks
"under fire." Continuous back-field practice is very exhausting,
so that it is well whenever much practice of this kind is under-
taken to have alternate squads of players, thereby saving all
of them from overwork. Should the backs become tired of the
practice and allow it to become lackadaisical, it should at once
be discontinued, as carelessness in back-field practice is worse
than none at all.
In preparing to catch kicks the backs should make every
endeavor to get under the ball in time enough to enable them
to receive it while they are standing still. To do this they must
be able to "size up" a ball as soon as it rises in the air.
In running up on a ball the backs should also be careful not
to overrun it, remembering that it is much easier to run up on a
ball than to run back for it in case it is misjudged. Furthermore,
in case a back who is careful to keep the ball in front of him
misjudges it and it hits him in the chest, he stands a much
better chance of recovering the ball as it falls in front of him
than he would have if he overran the ball and it fell behind him.
While in the act of catching a back should concentrate his
entire attention on the ball, never attempting to divide it with
the opposing ends. The plea that a back often advances for
this tendency is that he ^s afraid of a bad fall just as he is
completing the catch, or that he wants to see where the ends
are, that he may dodge them more effectively, etc., etc. These
excuses should all be denied on the ground that the possession
of the ball is the thing. And in this connection it is just as
well to say that in case a back fumbles in the back field he
86 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBEAET.
should fall on the ball at once. This poiml should be so drilled
into the players that it is second nature to diem.
The moment a back has caught the ball he should turn his
attention to his opponents, seeking how he can dodge them and
run the kick back. In case he catches the kick in time to
decide from his own observations in which direction to run a
back should experience little difficulty in getting off safely. But
when the ball and the ends arrive almost simultaneously the
situation is more difficult. In such a position the other backs
should assist by a word or two. At first the giving of such
directions will end in much confusion, but as the backs become
more and more accustomed to each other this difficulty will
disappear, to be followed by satisfactory results. Where a back
is a good dodger he can often fool opponents by making a false
start in one direction and then following it up with a real start
in another. This ability is natural, and no coaching can develop
it except where the player has in him the crude qualities.
One thing, however, every back can be taught, and that is
that he shall never run back. Running back in back-field work
is even more fatal than in ordinary scrimmage play. Another
thing to be borne in mind is that under no circumstances can a
back use his "straight-arm" more effectually than in the broken
field running that forms such a big part of back-field work.
Here it is that opponents are usually few and the time com-
paratively long for shifting the ball from one hand to the other
in order to do this warding off.
With this we may be said to have covered, after a general
fashion, the topic embraced under the main title, and therefore
to have completed this article. One thing yet remains to be
said, however, and that is that no back who wishes to get the
most out of these suggestions can hope to do so unless he first
puts into himself the right spirit, and follows it up with staunch
obedience to his training rules.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
87
SIGNALS
BY ROCKWELL AND HOGAN,
Quarter and Tackle of Yale Team of 1902.
onsstmoos
The first essential in any system of signals is simplicity. An
intricate and complicated system always militates against the
team using it ; the quarter is troubled in framing his signals and
the speed which should accompany successful play is impossible.
The confusion and uncertainty of the quarter afTects the other
members of the team ; they do not jump into the plays with the
dash and vim which characterize a team confident of its signals
and receiving inspiration from the knowledge that the whole
team is working on the same play. It does not follow because
your system is simple, that your opponents will make it out.
The chances are very much against their doing so, and while
they take their attention from the play to watch your signals
you gain such advantage over them as will enable you to push
your plays so successfully as to give them something else to
think of save your signals. Yet in spite of the extreme improb-
ability of discovering your signals it may happen that your
team will be discouraged and its play materially affected by
believing that your opponents are playing its signals. So, in all
the systems given in this article, provision is made for a change,
which should be made immediately in such a case; a change
which is in keeping with the simplicity of the system and yet
sufficient to regain the confidence of your team.
In any system of signaling there are always two considera-
tions: the quarter, or whoever calls the signals, and the rest of
the team. The system should be such as will enable the quarter
88 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
to give the plays quickly and accurately. There should be no
hesitation whatever on the quarter's part. He should practice
calling off the plays to himself until he has every one in his
control and can use any of them when he needs it. Not only
should there be no hesitation on the part of the quarter, but
the rest of the team also should grasp the play as soon as it is
called. The play originates with the quarter and so is per-
fectly evident to him, but it should also be clear to the team
just as soon as the signal denoting it is given. Very often you
will see the quarter call the signal and then wait till the rest of
the team understands it before receiving the ball from the
centre. There should be no wait. The system should be one
to enable the whole team to get the play immediately the signal
is called. On the speed with which the ball is put into play
depends to a considerable extent the success of the offensive
work of the team and, therefore, it is most essential that there
should be no unnecessary delay after the signal is called. All
the systems taken in this article have those ends in view. They
have all been tried and found to conform to the demands of any
situation.
For the sake of clearness the different systems are numbered
as Code I, Code II, etc. In the diagrams the black solid square
denotes the player taking the ball ; the heavy, continuous line the
direction which he takes ; the zig-zag line shows how the ball
reached him and the dotted lines the directions taken by the
other players, save the one carrying the ball. The dotted squares
indicate changes in position assumed by the players in such a
play as a wing-shift, etc.
To indicate the positions the following abbreviations have
been adopted: L. E., left end; R. E., right end; L. T. left
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARl. 89
tackle ; R. T., right tackle ; L. G., left guard ; R'. G., right guard ,
C, center ; Q., quarter-back ; L. H., left half-back ; R. H., right
half-back; R B., full-back.
For Code I a letter system is taken, having as a base a word,
or combination of words, containing either ten or eleven letters,
in which the same letter does not occur twice. It may be
either ten or eleven, as the center may or may not be denoted
by a letter. Such words as f-o-r-m-i-d-a-b-l-e, d-a-n-g-e-r-
o-u-s-1-y, i-m-p-o-r-t-a-n-c-e, or combinations like p-r-i-v-a-t-e-
b-o-d-y, c-h-a-r-g-e-d-w-o-r-k, c-o-n-v-i-c-t-l-a-m-p — any word or
combination in which the same letter does rot occur twice and
which has ten or eleven letters. Take the combination H-a-n-o-
v-e-r — C-i-t-y, and beginning with the left end give each posi-
tion a letter.
CITY
Q. L.H. F.B. R.H.
The letters H, A, N, V, E, R, stand for holes thus:
H — Means end run around your own Left End.
A — Means play through Left Tackle, either inside or outside
his position.
N — Means play through Left Guard.
V — Means play through Right Guard.
E — Means play through Right Tackle, either inside or outside
his position.
R — End run around your own Right End.
H ^ N
OVER
L.E. L.T. L.G.
C. R.G. R.T. R.E.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
Let the first letter given in the signal indicate the player who
is to carry the ball and the next letter the hole or direction in
which the ball goes. For example, let the letters called in the
signal be: I, A. The play indicated is the Left Half-back
through Left Tackle. Naturally the quarter would call more
letters than those merely required to denote the play, so this
signal might run in such a way as. "I — A — B — C — D." The
last three letters only helping to prevent the signal from being
discovered. The following is a diagram of the play:
R.H.
RlO
6h
Org.
f
D
LE, L.T.A.M.6. C
^
u
R.6.
R.T.
R.E
C^^^J'^^^-r>.^\r\f\J\t\j^rJ
m
LH
a
-" a
R.H.
f:b.
Fig. I.
Your L. T. and L. E. push the opposing R. T. (designated In
the diagram by a circle) back. Your L. H. follows straight be-
hind your L. T. with the Q., F. B. and R. H. holding him on his
feet and pushing him through the hole. The linemen charge
straight at their opponents with the exception of the R. E.,
who goes in front of his own line and tries to get hold of the
man with the ball and pull him along.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
Let the signal given be: "Y— E— A— R." The play is the
R. H. through R. T. Fig. 2 shows the play.
->
Dlt
/
t
1
n
n
1 1
1
L.E.
LT
L.G.
c 1
Q L
R.6.
R/.T.
, -'//•'TV
H.t
RH.
D □-•■
Fig. 2.
Here your R. T. and R. E. push the opposing L. T. back and
the L. E. runs in front of his own line, as did the R. E. in
Fig. I, and pulls the man with the ball. For the duty of the
other men see the explanation after Fig. i.
92
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
Let the signal given be: "T — V — I — S — T." The play is
your F. B. through your R. G. Fig. 3 shows this play.
L£.
-^U:
Q
n
D
g
fa
D
L.T.
LG.
c|
; RG.
ax
R,H
Here your R, G. with the assistance of R. T. pushes the
opposing L. G, back. The F. B. get the ball from Q., who
must be careful to get out of his way, and follows straight
behind the R. G. Your R. H. and L. H. should keep him on
his feet after he has met opposition and the two ends, both of
whom should have come around in front of their own line,
ought to pull him through the grasp of opposing tacklers. All
the linemen should push their opponents back and away from
the man with the ball.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
Suppose the signal Is : "T — N — O — K — B." The play is the
F. B. through L. G., as shown in Fig. 4,
^il-
^ 3
n 6
L.E. L.T. L.G. ;
i |C. R.6.
RT R.E.
/
/
/
I]o-
a
L.H.,
f:0.
"D
R.H.
Fig. 4.
This play is exactly similar to that shown in Fig. 3 save that
the L. G. and L. T. are the men who make hole by pushing the
opposing R. G. out of the way.
94
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
Suppose the signal called is : "I — E — D — C — B." The play is
the L. H. through R. T., a cross-huck. Fig. 5 shows the play.
D
L£.
u
LT.
L.H.
Q..
F.B.
Fig. 5.
□r-^- ..."""
In this play your R. T. and R. E. get the opposing tackle out
of the way ; the R. H. goes straight into the hole, the L. H. car-
rying the ball next; then the Q. and L. T., who comes around
into the play from his position in the line ; the L. E. is the last
man to follow the play — he makes it safe, watches for fumbtes;
the F. B. runs straight out from his position and keeps the
opposing L. E. from getting ihe play.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
95
Let the signal be: "Y— A— R— D— S." This is your R. H.
through L. T, The L. T. and L. E. make the hole ; R. T. and R.
E. follow around into the play. Fig. 6 shows this play, which
is the same as that in Fig. 5, only on the opposite side of your
line.
o
L.E
K
D ,n
□
R/E
Let the signal be: "Y— H— A— B— K." This is your R. H
around your L. E., as shown in Fig. 7.
96
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
Vi
• .v
<L)
a>
ta^
U
(U
^
-O
oS
<u
o
a>
C
'tr>
'Ck
^
IT
W
^
(U
J-1
^
£
fc
<u
C
IS
O
03
<u
o
(U
^
M5
c
ji:
^
•^
i^
o
-"
""
t-c
O
§
t-
^
bib
U5
>.
'Oi
r
E
O
iS
tn
cc
'a
C
C
C/)
.bf)
O
a>
e^'
<u
dJ
rC
^
s
00
^ bo
a
I
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
97
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
n
r-D^
P
□
o
to
V
W5
1
en
c
CT5
<
C8
t^
__,
>.
«+-!
en
ti
'5
^
H
,^
^S
^
^
<u
c
to
•0
a
B
pi
u
a,
O
t-l
I
a.
1
bfl
rt
XI
bo
15
bo
1
en
1
.5
1
5
CO
a
<U
'5
"o
S
u
03
J3
w
1
<u
4::
•
'a
pd
bO
-o
H-I
15
c
bo
.5
G
.
04
Ji;
biS
a,
>
On
_^
a,
O,
o
<u
OJ
J2
<u
c«
fc
.^
2
'O
bo
c
<L>
3
1
X
>
(/)
to
t3
a>
OJ
H
^
m
2
00
rt
a
rt
erf*
H
g
en
>
03
C
3
OS
OJ
aj
en
u<
<u
.S
^
u
bo
s
H
03
ol
3
a;
rt
J
xj
i
OS
15
1
Q4
en
03
C
bo
c
t-H
<u
S
a
j::
^
J
S
a
£
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY,
.22
.a
'u
X
iB
^
s
'E
w
.2
•a
3
H
£
J
W3
^
^
1
t-H
ffi
1
<U
1
c
O
■-^
1
<u
4
^
«+^
<
o
•*
1)
-o
tlJ
o
T)
V
JS
1
^
^
j2
H
c
p:i
c
6p
o
o
u
cf;
^
bb
H
E
J
G
(U
C
^
o
I-
^
6
Crt
'rt
J2
bis
C
be
•5
E
•^
(f)
c
a
(L»
j:;
(U
c
H
s
*rt
p^ I
LOf c.
100 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
In Code I the signal for a kick could be any letter not in the
combination you adopt as your key. Suppose the letter B de-
notes a kick. Then the full signal for the F. B. to kick the
ball would be: "T— B— C— A— O." In Fig. ii is seen the
formation now commonly adopted for a kick.
^ A
I
D
L.T.
n
L.G.
n
R.G.
n
R.T.
R.E
a
n
1
Q
L.H.
R.H.
1
1
F^B.
Fig. II.
The two ends get \^ ell outside their Tackles and as soon as
the ball is snapped, go straight down the field. The L. T. jostles
the opposing Tackle and then goes down. The other linemen
should hold their opponents long enough to ensure the F. B.'s
having time to get the kick off in safety. The Q., L. H. and R.
H., leaning forward on their hands, in the positions shown in
Fig. II, protect the F. B. from anyone who may succeed in
breaking through the line.
The simple plays have now been given in Code I. These are
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. lOi
the plays which every team must be absolute master of. They
may be played in every part o£ the field and on their success
depends to a great extent the success of your team.
The following diagrams illustrate plays intended to puzzle
your opponents and which they may not be prepared to meiet.
However, they should not be practiced until your team has
mastered the simple plays. Too often will a team depend for
success on tricks and fancy maneuvers, neglecting the steady,
straight foot ball that is the hardest to withstand when played
properly, only to be doomed to disappointment as a result.
A SIGNAL FOR A WING SHIFT
(using code l)
The Quarter may call out "Formation A," if the play is to go
on the left of centre ; "Formation B,'' if the play is to go on
the right. (See Fig. 12.) Then, either the regular sigiial for
an end run or a signal for a quick drive into line following a
feint at an end run. (Fig. 13.)
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIKRARY.
<-.
^O N"^
N" I-, \
\
\
\
\
^■-x V
I
t
t
\
-^-*.
^'C
I
D
D
01
d
l! o
ns
D:^;!
•-■I
^ ^
3
« Si
c o
<u
y J3 bo
I ^ -^
(U
<n
in
CA
m
^ ^ a
J ^ g
pq -^ O
<U
CO tfl _
^ 'O .-;::
s I *
i> til +j
^ -5 K
bO *-" i
^ S
t
U) J
"' bo
C j3
flJ "I^^ »-N
il
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
103
Do"'
T.
©
^
1^
^
o
•^ t
M ^
u
1
rt
t, '
C/2
7^ o
2 1
ffi
<J 1
H-i
en
'O
a 1
ffi
" J
pi
^- ^
<u
*« c
^
J2 O
H
II
2*
^.1
bb
o< ::
1 \
£
• 'H
, \
CO
bfi ^
1 «
.s
E *i
I'D
1
c bfi
as
> 1
T3
r "cS
en
:3
ffi g,
U)
J "
1 ■
c
*>
a
en
a O
•in
a
2 Ci^"
''\
in
3
1 ^
IJ
J
U3
1^
o
>>
a ^
J3
.. ^
en
15
■^ s
H
4J >
•£ ••5
104
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
The team lines up in regular formation as in Fig. i. The sig-
nal given, the line sidestep to the right two positions, as in figure;
the L.T, then becomes centre, Q. and L.H. keep their position
while the F.B. and R.G. alter position with the line men. Now, we
have seven men on our right wing, as opposed to four of our
opponents. The play can be a cross buck, as in Fig. 5, or an end
L.fi
o
o O O O O J
a n D D r
U W Lfi. C
o
71
RT. : RE-
R.H.
L.H.
Fig. 14— Wing Shift. 2nd Method.
run, as in Fig. 8. Whatever the play used it is absclutely essen-
tial that the play start the instant the shift is made. To perfect
this play, both tackles should be drilled in passing the ball to the
quarter. Thus, the shift can be ordered either to the right or
left, as the case may warrant. There should be daily practice by
the entire line in this quick change of positions, so that when
the signal is called the play may be executed like a flash.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
FAKE KICK.
105
J
a
^
'H
jS
?.
•^
QJ
'u
js
V
_bO
oJ
^
u
o
C
a;
^
^
u
o
u
O
.!2
<u
Ch
IS
.5
^
-o
<u
<U
.fl
,S
O
p
o
n
<u
o
u
'T3
»+H
■^
_o
3
G
c
o
Ui
^
(L>
<i>
u
g)
^
s
c
>»
o
<u
OJ
V-
f-;
s
•+-1
-^
>^
"rt
c
r5
rO
'0^
V]
«
<U
pq
^
,
H
*5
fH
cat \ ■
tyb
^
W
v
1
OS
S
1
03
Ui
■^
-o
bo
c
2
d
OS
'3
.G
s
s
05
C
O
v^
>
o
•n
■^
«+-.
^
."«
en
rt
o5
•^
-o
^
'3
o
a
rt
•-^
^
^
^
^^
&
c
^
a
<u
lU
,Q
Td
j:
J3
JC
O
.4_>
bo
^
cS
"s
W
ffi
rt
fc
h4
U)
(U
!U
m
.G
4::
«
H
-^
.j;;
P
H
-
^Q
\
-I cc
nt;
106
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
FOUR-MEN FORMATION
PLAYS
r**i
nnsnniiiiosi
The following eight plays are the so-called "Four-men forma-
tion plays.'' In them one of the line men is called back either to
run with the ball or assist in the interference. In the following
plays it is the L.T. who is brought back and placed directly be-
hind R.T. It will be noticed that the R.H. takes his position
LE. LG. C. R.G. R.T. y^ RE.
D D n D ETD
L.T.
o
\
□a.
L.T.
F.a
Fig. i6.
always "outside the position occupied by the man on the end
of the liae" to conform with the requirements of the 1904 rules.
This play is the simple end run. The L.H. carries the ball
around your own right end. R.H. and F.B. block the opposing
end. Q.B. after he has passed the ball to L.H. and L.T. form
interference for the runner.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
107
This play is a "tandem" on right tackle. The L.T. carries the
ball and runs straight at his own R.T. The Q., L.H., F.B. and
LL L.G.
X,
R.6.
D
D
LT.l
J"
1
1
L.H.
1
F.B.
Fig. 17.
RH
R.H. all follow, helping L.T. to keep his feet and pushing him
through the line. This play should be always good for a gain of
two yards when used alternately with play in Fig. 18.
108
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
This play is the same as in Fig. 17, except that the F.B. carries
the ball. The F.B. keeps running close behind the L.T., ready
to take advantage of the first opening. A good full-back often-
times adds two or three yards by a quick shift or dive after the
O
R.G. RJ.y ^ R.E.
nan
n
R.H.
Fig. 18.
play appears stopped. A strap sewed on the jacket of L.T. or
suitably fastened on the back of his belt may be of help to F.B.,
who when tackled can grasp this strap and be sometimes pulled
clear of tacklers. The R.H. protects F.B. from opposing end;
L.H. and Q. push as in play in Fig. 17.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
109
L.E.
D
L.G.
D
r^ Vn
\r.t
1 1
D
a
L.H.
Fig. 19.
LX
d
F.B.
■g
In this play the L.T. lakes the ball and runs directly on R.G.
R.G. pushes his man to the right and R.T. helps him. Q., L.H.,
F.B., and R.H. push as in play in Fig. 17.
110 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
This play is the delayed pass to L.H. The Q. pretends to pass
to L.T. (who, of course, feigns to receive it), then turns, hiding
it the while, and passes to L.H., who runs directly outside R.T.
F.B., L.T., and R.H. run as if the play were between center and
R.G. and must push and fight just as hard as if they were carry-
ing the ball. The L.T. must be careful not to knock the ball
from the Q's hands. He should reach out over the ball and
cover the ball with his arms while the fake pass is being made
LE.
D
L.G.
D
Lii.
and then double up as if he had the ball and shoot into the line.
The Q. can materially aid the deception by turning his back to
opponents after he has made the fake pass to L.T. He should
hold the ball a moment and then pass to L.H. L.H. must give Q.
time to make his fake pass and then to hold ball a moment. L.H.
runs direct on R.T. R.T. and R.E. try to coax their opposing
tackle through on the outside. This play to be most effective
should be used sparingly and always on a first or second down.
Try it after the play in Fig. 19 has been used two or three times.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
Ill
This is the quarter-back run around the right end. The R.H.
and F.B. block the opposing end. L.T. and L.H. make the inter-
sD
ference, as in Fig. i6. Q. receives ball from center and runs
wide. This should be a very good play with a fast quarter.
112
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
a
so
m
d
.SA^^
V O
a
.s*
h4
— 1
tn
-1
<v
<1)
<u
j:^
J2
H
-o
C
^
rt
iL>
u
03
H
0$ a aj
o r —
O >> biO
be rt cu
o iH
TO
j_^ WM l-H c^ v^ rt
J5
§ ate g "
'-to ^ ^
.„. jj ^ Oh rt
^ •- ■§ f ^ §
•—I rt (-1
"I
° -s "^ -B. a i
"^ .^ -2 - -i o
^0-5
3 (U
O ^
42
3
"5
Ul
_-i->
(-1
1/1
tfl
-i->
;->
OJ
C
o
O
J5
2
^3
C
n3
tH
(U
t/5
t/5
"3
flj
a
c
"'5
O
-d
1-1
•S
s
13
d
bfi
.S
c/5
o
to
(U
CD
Oh
03
C
15
M-l
'E,
3
o
be.
CAl
^
o
rt
o
<
.'5
"TS
Cu
<;
d
rt
^
1
03
K
to
U2
Ic
P^'
3
--; a 03 i, „,
'rt 2 . „ S ?:^ C
-" Ph 3 rt
S «. 5
.;=■§" -a §
be ^ (y U <1> t>,
.y o i! C^ '^ c
-Jj '^ 03 <L> •-
5 IS ^ Oh
X ^ P be^ (y
W5 c o c be p
• '" >^ "c 'S 5
m ^ o § ^
"^ **- ^ be 'S^
. O ' — ! ttJ
^
^ V.
^' 1 ^ - I I
C-H QJ nd C 1^ 03
ti ^ "^ ::: "^ £
9 S S ^ g ii
c -5 ^
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
113
rt « c i^ 4^^ ^ - „, --.
5xJ =3 (u iS o t) -^ c-o
^^ i^ V, ^ •> '^
V (^ ■, -4^
^ ' . ii 3^ OJ ^ |:H ^j
j: vi/x. -^ ii X CT*^ o -
'•- c t: 5 ,;
tJ3
" -^ IJ S
-^^ US
^ '^'Z Z*^ "^Zl ^ '^^ ^ u
o ^
^ 'to
c p:
a! .S
> ^3
^oo
to <u S O
'^ V ^ O Q. i) C O c3
f(3 _C ^* •■-
H"aiH .-ssgo-a
2
c o c >.
114
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
\^
.D^
O
A'
c3 O
F. B.
turn,
nter-
-o
cn
•— ' cfl
. ._ qj
^ ^ j::
^ 03
IJ ^ en
"S ^
g TO (u
4_l
a £ i^
■" rO
§• a 6
^1
c . • '^
<LI O
5 H c
~ "
£ "^
■" ^ i-i
3 '^
o 5
1- If
H ^
8 ffi d^
t/:
03 '^
fc«' w ^
;±3 H
CS
^ i-S i;
E .J
o
^ - 1 -
1^
-H c a -o
It ^
o -^ o 3
a 3
- bfl en O
-H ^
•= .s -^ ^
G en
03 <U
-a p o ^
^ en
^ ^ i •-
-2 o
" ^* S ^
'S bfl 3 ^
a c *->
t; a. X "^
<:-
s ° ;- «■
w
^ C ^ V-
ct
o • o
^
O bfi ^
O
-^ '^ ^ ^
^ ^ C ^
b/}
. ^ — <u
E
HH ^ en ^
y SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 115
If the Q. at any time thinks it desirable to change the manner
of calling the signals, he may readily do so by having the signal
start with the second, the third or the fourth letter, or by not
having the signal start till he has called some letter agreed on
that is not in the key and is not used in the plays.
CODE II.
A Combination of Letters and Numbers.
Let the F. be the hole between guard ind center; H., the hole
between tackle and guard; K., the hole just outside tackle; B.,
end run.
As each letter taken separately stands for the two holes, i. e.,
F. would mean either the hole between R.G. and C. or L.G. and
C, so some method must be adopted to signify which hole is
meant. Now, if the signal starts with an odd number, the hole
on the left side of center is meant ; if it starts with an even num-
ber, the hole on the right side is to be the outlet for the play.
For example, the signal ''3 — B," etc., means and end run around
your own left end; and "6 — B," etc., means an end run around
number to the training table early in the season, but make it
your own right end. Therefore "3 — B," etc., will always mean
an end run around your own left end and the right half-back will
carry the ball. So the completed signal will be : "3 — B— 4 — M."
The number 4 and the letter M mean nothing. The complete
signal for the left half-back to carry the ball around your own
right end would be: "4— B— 11— X." Since the signal starts
with an even number it shows that the play is to go on the right
side of center and the letter B signifies that the play is an end
run.
This code contains but the simple ordinary plays used by every
team during the first weeks of practice. There are ten plays in
all, not, however, including the kick, and are as follows:
L.H. run around R.E 4 — ^
R'.H. run around L.E 3 — B
L.H. dive through L.G. and L.T 7 — H
R.H. dive through R.G. and R.T 12— H
L.H. cross-buck just outside R.T 14 — K
116 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC l^IBRARY.
R.H. cross-buck just outside R.T 7 — K
F.B. dive through R.G. and C 6 — F
F.B, dive through L.G. and C g — F
L.T. run just outside R.T 2—6 — K
R.T. run just outside R.T 3 — n — K
It will be noticed that the L.H., L.T., R.H. and R.T. carry
the ball through the same hole (K). Whenever the L.T. is to
carry it the signal will start with two even numbers and when-
ever the R.T. carries the ball, with two odd numbers. Thus:
Signal: 4— 8— K— 5— Y. (See Fig. 10.)
Signal: 2 — K — 9— B. (See Fig. 5.)
Signal: 3— 7— K— 4— R. (See Fig. 9.)
Signal: 9 — K — 2 — M. (See Fig. 6.)
Signal: 4— B— 11— X. (See Fig. 8.)
The absence of letters from signal might indicate a kick; thus:
4—6 — 7— .11. (See Fig. 11.)
CODE III.
A SYSTEM OF NUMBERS ILLUSTRATED.
In this system it will be seen that the even numbers are plays
on the right of center and the odd numbers are plays on the left.
4. L.G through R.G.
5. R.G through L.G.
6. L.T through R.T.
7. R.T through L.T.
8. L.H around R.E.
9. R.H around L.E.
10. L.H cross-buck through R.T.
11. R.H cross-buck through L.T.
12. R.H straight through R.T.
13- LH straight through L.T.
14- F.B straight through R.C.
15- F.B straight through L.C.
16. L.E. . . ; run around R.E.
17- RE run around L.E,
Kick: any number over 300.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 117
Now, let the second number given be the key number, the
number which represents the play. For instance:
Signal: 6 — 8 — g — 27 — 4 (See Fig. 8.)
Signal: 5 — 12 — 21 — 7 (See Fig. 2.)
Signal: 8 — 13—42—9. (See Fig. i.)
Signal: 5—15—8—2. (See Fig. 4.)
Signal: 6 — 11 — 43 — 8. (See Fig. 6.)
Signal: 357—952. (See Fig. 11.)
Etc., etc.
In the last two codes the Quarter may readily change the key
number at any time and so be certain that his signals are un-
known to his opponents.
A SEQUENCE OF PLAYS
It frequently happens that a leam, especially a school team,
will have one man who has clearly outplayed every opponent he
has faced and upon whom the quarter may depend when there is
a distance that must be gained. Under such conditions a team
should have a sequence of plays, i. c., three or more plays pre-
viously committed to memory, to be executed in quick succession
without a signal. Assuming that the tackle is the steady and
reliable man, then, select three or more plays through his position
and constantly practice them as a series without any intermis-
sion.
A sequence of five plays illustrated :
In Code III. — The second number the key:
6— (i2)-28-4. (Fig. 2.)
5— ( 6)— 21— 9. (Fig. 10.)
2— (10)— 7— 5. (Fig. 5.)
7— (10)— 42— 8. (Fig. 5)
8— (11)— 29— 6. (Fig. 6.)
If the first four plays are successful the opponents will nat-
urally shift over, to try and "brace up" the weak spot, and the
last play is intended to surprise them and is, therefore, sent on
the opposite (left) side of the line.
jjg SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
WHEN TO USE THE SEQUENCE
The best time to employ the sequence is in the opponent's terri-
tory about twenty-five yards from the goal, when quickness and
speed of plays used is so essential to success. Then, too, it is
highly probable that the "cheering" makes it hard to hear the
signals.
There are various ways to signal the sequences, but a simple
and effective way is to have the quarter make some such remark
as this : "There's only twenty yards to go, fellows ; stay together
now!" This would mean that the next signal was the first of the
sequence and that it would be played without any more direction
from the quarter-back.
Too much emphasis cannot be laid on how essential to your
team's success is a thorough knowledge of the signals. Every
player should know just what he is to do in each play; the very
instant the signal is given, he should recognize the play and de-
termine to do what is expected of him. The players, apart from
the general practice, should repeat the signals to themselves and
get familiar with their individual duties in each play. Confidence
is almost essential to success in offensive work, and a team can
have but little confidence in its ability to advance the b^ll till
every one has thoroughly mastered the signals.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
119
TRAINING FOR FOOT BALL
BV MICHAEL MURTHY.
ssiistiiiiias
S
The days of the extremes of training, both in foot ball and
other sports have, at any rate for the time being, gone by. The
old-fashioned notion that men must be deprived of everything
they wanted for their comfort and go through a period of actual
physical suffering has been exploded. Young men, and partic-
ularly college men, do not need the severe regimen adopted in
the old days, when training was confined only to a certain class
and that class one indulging in all sorts of dissipation between
times. For this reason treatises on training can be far mor?
brief than in the times when the exact percentage of food stuffs
was figured out to a nicety. Moreover, foot ball is one of those
fortunate sports which comes at a season of the year when the
weather, except in the very early part of it, is not exceedingly
hot, but rather bracing, and unless there is something radically
wrong with the man, as a rule, during the foot ball season, his
appetite should in the main improve.
It is really the nervous tension which has come to be great
and it is to the relief of that nervous tension that many of the
best friends of the game are looking in hopes that alterations
in the rules may improve this condition.
The great majority of the players are not affected by this, but
the captain, coach and quarter-back usually pass through periods
where the worry is quite extreme, and while it makes little
difference to the coach it does affect the captain and quarter-
back very materially and with these men, the greatest problem
of the training season is to see that they pay less rather than
more attention to the sport and get some relaxation at periods.
The general physical condition of the men is in these days
looked after both by the trainer and by competent surgeons, so
far as injuries are concerned.
120 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY'.
The problem of how much work a man should do and when
he should work is one of general consultation between coach,
trainer and captain — the trainer's opinion being in the main
accepted as final — and as a rule this trio make satisfactory de-
cisions. Sometimes a man is found who is able to deceive all
three as to his condition, but not often, and, moreover, such men
are usually men whose personal idiosyncrasies are known.
One of the most difficult points in training a foot ball team is
to keep them steadily progressing and not have a slump at some
disastrous period during the season. Men dififer so greatly in-
dividually that the accepted method of working the men now-
adays is to watch these peculiarities and not try to judge all
men by the same rule, but to lay off first one and then another
as occasion demands, giving them all an opportunity for suffi-
cient practice, but forcing no man to work too long.
It takes a good deal of time to teach a man modern foot ball
and he has to go through a certain period of steady work before
he combines the necessary knowledge with the skill ; hence an
especial reason for consistency in carrying out training develop-
ment. Foot ball men all need quickness and the w^ork should be
devoted to short periods of snappy play rather than long periods
which get the man into the bad habit of playing slowly because
he is tired.
A foot ball player beyond all else needs to have a sort of
superfluous energy to draw upon at the time of his match and
to exhaust this is to make a very serious mistake. The men
should, therefore, be very carefully watched in order to see that
the work is not at the expense of this energy, which must be
called upon at a critical time. No man should find himself in
a game without a feeling that he would at least like to make a
touchdown whether it is possible or not, and the making of touch-
downs is practically impossible if the man's physical and mental
condition is such as to leave him without desire to do so.
The first problem in the season that faces captain, coaches and
trainers is that of making selection from a great mass of mate-
rial. This material will be scattered over three or four different
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 12I
fields and in all sorts of physical condition, as some men take
care of themselves during the summer while others do not. A
coach may easily be deceived by lack of condition in a man who,
when in shape, would play a strong game. For this reason
critical watching and very likely some inquiry as to the past
performance of the man is very advisable. As soon as the
material has begun to be sifted it becomes necessary to sort out
a part of it for the 'Varsity, but it is wise not to take a great
many men to a training table early but make this rather a reward
of merit in a way, at the same time taking possibly the absolutely
iure men who are not likely to have the best of living otherwise.
All this matter is a question of judgment and a little study
and reflection on the subject is returned many times over in
the results later in the season. It is hardly worth while, al-
though I know it has been adopted by some trainers, to put men
who are going to play foot ball through special courses of gym-
nastics, unless it may be for some special weakness of the
individual. It is certainly a good plan for foot ball men to be
handled by a track trainer in learning to start quickly. Gym-
nasium apparatus, however, is not proving very successful for
general teams. A little setting up work in the early part of the
season is often a good thing and some running, but after the
season is once under way the men have plenty to do without
taking these special exercises, except it may be to reduce the
weight of a man who is very heavy. Running around the field
for men who are temporarily laid ofT, and for the whole squad
in the early part of the season, is a good thing.
Another great problem is to keep enough backs to last through
the season. The backs are usually lighter than the forwards and
being given a good deal more of the running work to do (and
this is particularly true under the new rules where the men
behind the line will have to do a good deal of line hammering
without heavy interference) is rather apt to call for all the
material that a coach and trainer can keep going. And
even then at the end of the season the good men are scarce
The first part of the season the practice ought to be very short—
122 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
four or five minutes— and the team worked up to longer periods
as the weather grows cooler and they improve in condition.
By mid-season they should be able to play two fifteen-minute
halves with ease, and if possible a fifteen and a twenty-minute
half. By November they should be able to stand a slightly
longer period in order that by the time of the big games they
may be able to go the necessary two thirty-five minute halves.
As to protectors for the players, it is well worth while to use
such protectors as are likely to save the players from injury,
but of late it is feared too much has been done in this way so
that the players were rendered rather less plucky, and, moreover,
in some instances were probably made tender. Under the present
rules the doing away with the heavy head protectors will be a
great step in advance and will probably save many injuries. Nose
guards are rather difftcult to breathe through, but properly ar-
ranged are not dangerous. Protectors for the thigh and shins
are good things and if a man receives an injured shoulder some
kind of protection there is also advisable.
So far as foot ball is concerned a strict diet is not essential,
but the men should not be permitted to smoke, nor should they
be given alcoholic drinks except for medicinal purposes or when
a man is very tired. The living should be plain and substantial
and every effort made to have his training table attractive and
the food appetizing.
SPALDING'S OFFICIAL FOOT BALL GUIDE.
WHAT A FOOT BALL
PLAYER NEEDS
f °^ f °^ f °^ f °^ ?°^ f "^ §°^ ^°^ ^°^
^J)oa) (5^§) (^5)o2) (^5)o2) (y)o§) (^5)o§) ($5)oa) ^g) ^g
The pivotal point in a Rugby foot ball game is naturally the ball itself.
Upon this object the whole interest in the game centers, and naturally if
the ball is not right the game suffers. The Spalding Intercollegiate Foot
Ball No. J5 is the only Official Rugby Foot Ball, simply because it is recog-
nized as a really perfect ball and because it can be depended upon to al
ways stand up and give a good account of itself. Over twenty years of
use in this country without a single ball burst is sufficient evidence of the
X,
quality of this ball. This is acr-onnttd tor heoause of the close inspection
at the tannery and again after the balls are finished, and as a matter of
fact, it is rarely that even the slightest defect in either leather or sewing
is overlooked, so careful is this factory inspection. The No. J5 Official
Rugby Foot Ball is guaranteed absolutely. It is put up complete with
leather case and pure Para rubber bladder and inflater, lacing needle and
rawhide lace are also included. The price of the No. J5 foot ball complete
is $5.00. Other Spalding Rugby foot balls are furnished at prices running
from $L00 each, up. All of them are made of good quality material; they
SPALDING'S OFFICIAL FOOT BALL GUIDE.
are sewn in the most careful manner in the Spalding factory and they are
all guaranteed absolutely, both as regards material and workmanship. In
the Spalding Catalogue of Foot Ball Goods and other athletic supplies will
be found the most complete line of equipment for the Rugby game Blad-
ders, foot ball inflaters, including also a very satisfactory style of foot ball
timer, which costs $2.50 each. With this timer it is possible to time accu-
rately an entire half of a foot ball match, stopping during interruptions
and starting again when players resume, the timing going on continuously
until the end of the half.
Another article which is included in the Spalding line and which is really
very necessary for a foot ball team that is anxious to perfect itself in the
game is the Spalding Foot Ball Tackling Machine, including the special
releasing attachment which they have devised. Most of the accidents on
the foot ball field are caused by the lack of knowledge on the part of the
players of the proper method of tackling opponent players, and this
device has been gotten up in order to instruct players how to tackle prop-
erly. The tackling dummy itself, made of brown canvas without joining
at waist and reinforced at bottom with heavy sole leather, costs $15.00 each.
The releasing attachment, complete with pulley block to run on cross rod
and spliced to connecting rope, costs $10.00 each, and the steel cross rod.
threaded at both ends, complete with nuts and washers, costs $7.50.
WHAT TO WEAR FOR FOOT BALL.
Various rulings have been made by the Rules Committee in regard to the
style of outfit that should be permitted for use by foot ball players. In this
particular, Spalding foot ball equipment will be found to conform always
to the latest rulings of the Rules Committee. There is not an article in-
cluded in the Spalding line which is not made in exact accordance with the
ofiicial rules, and in purchasing from A. G.
Spalding & Bros, the player may be certain
that the equipment supplied is i-ight in every
particular and is correct for use on the foot
ball field
The best grade of foot ball clothing included
in the Spalding line is known
as the 'Varsity, and in this
grade the sleeveless jackets
cost for the VK style, which
is specially reinforced, $1.50
each, and for the VJ regular
style,$l 25each. The trousers
in this quality cost $2.50 per
pair. Tliey are known as the
No VT. and a special union
No. VK. suit made up of the No. VT No. VT.
trousers and the No. VJ jacket, connected by a substantial elastic belt, cost?
SPALDING'S OFFICIAL FOOT BALL CUIDE.
No. 30
$5.00 complete Moleskin foot ball pants cost in the various qualities, No,
OOR. paddnd, $5 00 per pair, sanit- quality, uupa(l<le<l, $4.00 per pair, and in
No. OJMR quality, padded. $3.25 per pair. Canvas trousers cost from 85
cents to $1.75 per pair, and sleeveless canvas jackets cost from 40 cents to
75 cents each. '
The Spalding No 30 shin guard is made up on what are
generally recognized as the only correct principles. It really
protects without being uncomfortably heavy, and is listed at
$2.00 per pair. Spalding furnishes other styles also, all of
which are well made, at $1.50, $1.00, 50 cents and 40 cents
per pair. Well made shoulder pads of the best quality,
No. B, cost $2.50 each. The No. D leather shoulder pad costs
Sl.OO each> and other styles of leather and canvas pads cost
50 cents and 25 cents each A combined leg, knee and shin
guard, the Spaldins: No C, costs $5.00 each, and it is a very
satisfactory article indeed
An article that was designed by Mike Murphy, trainer of the University
of Pennsylvania foot ball team, and for many ye^rs trainer of the Yale foot
])all team, is the Spalding patent ankle brace for foot ball shoes. It is
made of finely tempered steel, jointed, and absolutely prevents turning
of the ankle. It can be put in by any shoemaker. The price of this ankle
brace is 50 cetits per rair.
The Spalding styles; of head harness have become universally known as
the only e Drrect styles for use by up-to-date foot ball players and for this
season they have retained
the styles which they made
up with such good success
hist season, the best of which
was the No A style at $5.00
each, the others being No, B
at $3.00 and No. C at $2 00,
They have added this season,
however, three other styles,
light in weight, well venti
lated and all furnished with
adjustable ear pieces. These are No. M, unpadded, $2.50 eacii and No. MP,
padded with felt. $2.50 each, and No. E, $1.50 each.
Tlie Morrill nose masks are too well known to need any special descrip
tion They are made now in four different styles and sizes, and the price
for either is $1.50 each They are all described fully in the Spalding cata
logue. Separate mouthpieces are furnished in various styles also for
25 cents each.
Every pair of Spalding foot ball shoes is built under the direct super-
vision of experts in the Spalding factory. They are worn by the players
on every college and school team of any importance in this country. I he
best quality of the Spalding foot ball shoes is jinown as No. A2-0, and
No. A.
No. M.
(Patent applied for.)
SPALDING'S OFFICIAL FOOT BALL GUIDE.
No. A2-0. Front View. No. A2-0. Side View.
is reeogrnized as standard by
the foot ball players every-
• where. It is made of the
finest kangraroo leather with
circular reinforce on sides.
It is a hand-made shoe
throughout, really a genuine
bench made shoe, and which
is different from what is
ordinarily known as a hand-
made shoe, as this is a
cobbler made shoe through-
out. The price of the No.
A2-0 shoe is $7.50 per pair.
The Spalding No. A2-0S shoe
is made in the same quality,
but somewhat lighter, being
designed especially for sprinting, and sells at the same price, $7.50. The
other Spalding foot ball shoes are. No. A2-M, $5.00 per pair; No. A2-S,
another sprinting shoe, $5.00 per pair, and No. A-3, $4.00 per pair.
A copy of the Spalding Fall and Winter Sports Catalogue containing
prices and pictures of everything necessary for foot ball, basket ball,
skating, and all other seasonable pastimes will be mailed free to any
address on request to any Spalding store, a list of which is gi^en below:
New York City-124-128 Nassau Street and 29-33 West 42d Street.
Philadelphia, Pa.-1013 Filbert Street.
Boston, Mass.— 73 Federal Street.
Baltimore, Md.— 208 East Baltimore Street.
Washington, D. C.-709 14th Street, N. W. (Colorado Building).
Pittsburg, Pa. -439 Wood Street.
Buffalo, N. Y.-611 Main Street.
Syracuse, N. Y.— University Block.
Cincinnati. O.— Fountain Square,-27 East 5th Street.
('hicago, 111.— 147-149 Wabash Avenue.
St. Louis, MO.-710 Pine Street.
Cleveland, 0.-741 Euclid Avenue.
Kansas City, Mo.-llll Walnut Street.
Minneapolis, Minn.— 39 Sixth Street, South.
Detroit, Mich. —254 Woodward Avenue.
New Orleans, La. — 140 Carondelet Street.
Denver, Colo. —1616 Arapahoe Street.
San Francisco, Cal.— 134 Geary Street.
Montreal, Canada— 443 St. James Street.
London, England— 53, 54, 55, Fetter Lane^ and West End Branch, 29, Hay-
market, S. W
The Spalding Official
Intercollegiate
Foot Ball
^=D^
C=?N
/j~3 U^-»~ p~~ |~»_ CT!! t^
No. J5. This is the only Official Rugby Foot
Ball, and is used in every important match played
in this country. Guaranteed absolutely if seal of
box is unbroken. We pack with leather case and
pure Para rubber bladder, an inflater, lacing
needle and rawhide lace. . Complete, $5.00
Prices subject to change without notice
^^J Send for handsomely illustrated catalogue of all athletic sports.
Montreal,
Canada
Commuiiicatious addressed to
A„ G. SPALDING & BROS.*
in any of the following cities will receive attention-
For street numbers see inside front cover of this bof)k.
New York
Buffalo
Syracuse
Boston
Pittsburg
Baltimore
Philadelphia
Washington
New Orleans
Chicago
Cleveland
Detroit
St. Louis
Cincinnati
Kansas City
San Francisco
Denver
Minneapolis
These prices in effect July 5. 1907.
THE
Spalding Rugby ** Special"
No. A. A substantial ball in every detail. Made of spe-
cially tanned imported grain leather and put together in
a most thorough manner. Superior in style and quality
to the many balls put on the market in imitation of our
Official No. J5 ball. Each ball put up in a sealed box with
guaranteed bladder and rawhide lace. . Each, $3.50
No. B. Selected fine grain leather case. Well made and
will give excellent satisfaction. Each ball packed com-
plete in sealed box with guaranteed bladder and rawhide
lace. Regulation size Each, $3.00
No. S. Good quality leather case, pebble graining. Each
ball packed complete with guaranteed bladder in sealed
l)o\. Substantially made throughout. Regulation size.
Each, $2.00
Prices subject to change without notice
Send for handsomely illustrated catalogue of all athletic sports.
Montreal,
Canada
Communications addressed to
A. G. SPALDING & BROS.
in any of the following cities will receive attention-
For street numbers see inside front cover of ttiis book.
London,
England
Neiv York
Buffalo
Syracuse
Boston
Pittsburg
Baltimore
Philadelphia
Washington
New Orleans
Chicago
Cleveland
Detroit
St. Louis
Cincinnati
San Francisco
Denver
Kansas City Minneapolis
These prices in effect July 5, 1907.
Rugby Foot Balls
No. F. Handsomely grained cowhide case of excellent
quality. Each ball packed complete with guaranteed
bladder and rawhide lace in sealed box. Regulation size.
Each, $2.50
No. C, Well made leather case, pebble graining; standard
trade-mark quality. Each ball packed complete with
guaranteed bladder in sealed box. Regulation size.
Each, $1.50
No. D. Taade-mark quality ; leather case, pebbled grain-
ing. Each ball complete with guaranteed bladder in
sealed box. Regulation size. . . . Each, $1.25
No. 25. Leather case, trade-mark quality. Each ball com-
plete with guaranteed bladder in sealed box. Regulation
size Each, $1.00
Prices subject to change without notice
Send for handsomely illustrated catalog-ue of all athletic sports
Commnnieatioiis addressed to
A* C. SPALDING & BROS.
in any of the foUowing cities will receive attention
For sH,reet numbers see inside front cover of this boi
Montreal,
Canada
London,
England
New York
Buffalo
Syracuse
Boston I Philadelphia
Pittsburg \ Washington
Baltimore I New Orleans
Chicago
Cleveland
Detroit
St. Lotiis
Cincinnati
Kansas City
Sa7i Francisco
Denver
Minneapolis
These prices in effect July 5, 1907.
Showing No. VK Jacket. Note reinforce-
ment and extra large arm holee.
The Spalding
Special
'Varsity
Foot Ball
Jackets,
Sleeveless
■fATE make two styles
of jackets, both
sleeveless.in this grade.
The illustrations will
show some of the fea-
tures of the VK style,
which is made accord-
ing to the very latest
ideas. Arm holes, par-
ticularly, are made ex-
tra large, and there is
a heavy reinforcement
running all around
them and around neck
and back to give addi-
tional strength where
it is most needed and to
support lacing at edges.
No.VK. Jacket, sleeve-
less. Each, $1.50
No.VJ. Jacket, sleeve-
less ; regular style,
without reinforce-
^^ „„ ^ ments. Each. $1.25
No. VK.
Prices subject to change without notice.
Send for handsomely illustrated catalogue of all athletic sports,
Montreal,
Canada
Communications addressed to
' A. C. SPALDING & BROS.
in any of the following cities will receive attention:
For street numbers see inside front cover of this book.
London,
England
New York
Buffalo
Syracuse
Boston
Pittsburg
Baltimore
Philadelphia
Washington
New Orleans
Chicago I St. Louis
Cleveland] Cincinnati
Detroit \ Kansas City
San Francisco
Denver
Minneapolis
These prices in effect July 5, 1907.
=z====zz=:5fgfej
ITe Spalding Special
'Varsity Foot Ball Trousers
(PADDED)
The hips and
knees are prop-
erly padded ac-
cording to our
improved method,
with pure curled
hair, and the
thighs have cane
strips. Abso-
lutely best grade
throughout.
Trousers padded.
No. VT.
Per pair, $2.50
No. VT.
Send
Prices subject to change without notice.
for handsomely illustrated catalogue of all athletic sports.
Ci>minuiii(*ations addressed to
Montreal.] At C. SPALDING & BROS. London,
Canada \ in any of the following cities will receive attention: [ England
For street numbers see inside froTit cover of this book.
New York
Buffalo
Syracuse
Boston I Philadelphia
Pittsburg Washington
Baltimore I New Orleans
Chicago
Cleveland
Detroit
St. Louis
Cincinnati
Kansas City
San Francisco
Denver
Minneapolis
These prices in effect July 5. 1907.
=^
Spalding
'Varsity
Union
Suit
IWTADE up of our
^^^ 'Varsity No.
VT Pants and No.
VJ Jacket, con-
nected by a sub-
stantial elastic
belt. This suit
will give excellent
satisfaction. It
conforms to each
movement of the
body and makes
an ideal outfit in
every way.
No. VTJ.
Spalding- 'Varsity
Union Foot Ball
Suit.
Price, $5.00
No. \TJ.
Prices subject to change without notice.
Send for handsomely illustrated catalogue of all athletic sports.
These prices in effect July 5, 1907.
Foot Ball Jackets
Sleeveless Jacket, made of special brown canvas.
soft finish, sewed with the best and strongest
linen ; hand made eyelets for lacing
No. I. Each, 75c.
Sleeveless Jacket, made of good quality brown
canvas. Well made throughout.
No. 2. Each, 50c.
Sleeveless Jacket, good quality white canvas.
Well made. No. 3. Each, 40C.
No. 1
Foot Ball Pants
MOLESKIN
Intercollegiate Foot Ball Pants, lace front,
made of the best and most serviceable
drab moleskin, manufactured expressly for
the purpose. The hips and knees are
padded according to our improved method
with curled hair, and the thighs have
cane strips.
No. OOR. Padded. , Pair, $5.00
No. OOR. Unpadded. " 4.00
No. OMR. Made in same style as our
\x mt^ No. OOR, but of a cheaper grade of mole-
rt^^ , skin. Padded. . . Pair. $3.25
Showing method of ^ a m.i« r a «*
padding Nos. OOR, CANVAS
OMR, IP and 2P ^^^^ jp^ Extra quality brown canvas.
soft finish, well padded throughout and cane strips at thighs. $1.75
No. 2 P. Good quality brown canvas, well padded and substantially
made. . Per pair.$ f .50
No. X P. Made of Heavy white drill and well padded. " .85 ,
Prices subject to change without notice
Send for handsomely illustrated catalogue of all athletic sports
Montreal,
Canada
Communications addressed to
A4C SPALDING & BROS. I London,
in any of the following cities will receive attention : | England
For street numbers see inside front coverof this book.
New York
Buffalo
Syracuse
Boston I Philadelphia
Pittsburg Washington
Baltimore I New Orleans
Chicago
Cleveland
Detroit
St. Louis I San Francisco
Cincinnati Denver
Kansas City] Minneapolis
These prices in effect July 5, 1907.
Spalding Foot Ball Shoes
Every pair of Spalding Foot Ball Shoes is built
under the direct supervision of experts in our fac-
tory. They are worn by the players on every college
and school team of any importance in this country,
and notably by the following most successful teams:
Yale, Princeton, Cornell, University of Pennsyl-
vania, Carlisle, West Point and Annapolis,
NO.A2-0.
Front View
No. A2-0.
Side View
No. A2-0S. Arrange-
Side View merit of Cleats
No. A2-0. Recognized as standard by foot
ball players everywhere. Finest kangaroo
leather with circular reinforce on sides.
Hand made throughout, a genuine bench
made shoe. . . . Per pair, $7.5 O
No. A2-OS. Sprinting Shoe, extremely light ;
same quality as our No. A2-0. Pair, $7.50
Prices subject to change without notice.
Send for handsomely illustrated catalogue of all athletic sports. vIt'
These prices in effect July 5, 1907,
Spalding Foot Ball Shoes
Every pair of Spalding Foot Ball Shoes is built
under the direct supervision of experts in our fac-
tory. They are worn by the players on every college
and school team of any importance in this country,
and notably by the following most successful teams:
Yale, Princeton, Cornell, University of Pennsyl-
vania, Carlisle, West Point and Annapolis.
No. A2-M No. A2-S No. A-3
No. A2-M. The 'Varsity Shoe. Finest black
calfskin; hand made throughout. Equipped
with Spalding Foot Ball Ankle Brace. Will
^ive excellent satisfaction. Per pair, $5.00
No. A2-S. The Club Special Shoe. Sprint-
ing Shoe, extremely light; black calfskin,
good quality, very well made. Pair, $5.00
No. A-3. The Amateur Special Shoe. Black
calfskin, good quality, machine sewed. A
very serviceable shoe. Per pair, $4.00{
Prices subject to change without notice.
^ Send for handsomely illustrated catalogue of all athletic sports.
. These prices in effect July 5, 1907.
THE SPALDING HEAD HARNESS
No. C
No. B. Soft black leather top
and sides, soft leather ear
pieces, adjustable chin strap;
rear extension. Top padded
with felt and well ventilated.
Sides stitched and felt padded
with canvas lining. S3. 00
No. M. Soft, good quality
black leather, unpadded. Has
adjustable ear pieces, gives
necessary protection, and at
the same time is one of the
most camfortable and satis-
factory styles of head harness
that we have ever made.
Each, $2.50
No. M P. Similar in style to
No. M, but padded with felt.
Each, $2.50
No. E. Made of special and
very durable material ; nicely
padded and well made. Same
design as No. MP. $ 1 . 50
No. C. Soft black leather top, well ventilated; moleskin sides and ear
pieces, elastic chin strap ; rear extension. Nicely padded with felt
and substantially made Each, $2.00
When ordering any of these Head Harness specify size of hat worn.
Prices subject to change without notice
Send for handsomely illustrated catalogue of all athletic sports.
Patent applied for.
Montreal,
Canada
Couimuiiications addressed to
A« G. SPALDiNC & BROS.
iu auy of the following cities will receive attention:
For street numbers see inside front coverof this book.
London,
England
New York
Buffalo
Syracuse
Boston
Pittsburg
Baltimore
Philadelphia
Washington
New Orleans
Chicago
Cleveland
Detroit
St. Louis I Sa7i Francisco
Cincinnati Deuiier
Kansas City I Minn ea pol is
These prices in effect July 5, 1907.
THE SPALDING HEAD HARNESS
(Patent applied for.)
No. A. Firm tanned
black leather, molded to
shape, perforated for ven-
tilation and well padded.
Adjustable chin strap :
rear extension. This
head harness presents a
perfectly smooth sur-
face, and, while giving
absolute protection, i s
one of the coolest and
lightest made. When
ordering, specify size of
hat worn. Each, $5.00
MORRILL NOSE MASK
(Patented Sept. 29, 1891)
None genuine which do not
bear the name Morrill and date
of patent. Morrill's Nose Mask
is made of the finest rubber, and
no wire or metal is used in its
construction. It has become a
necessity on every foot ball
team and afYords absolute pro-
tection to the nose and teeth.
No. 1. Regulation style and size.
No. IB. Regulation style, youths' size, . '*
No. O. Full size, with adjustable mouthpiece. "
No. OB. Youths' size, with adjustable mouthpiece.
Prices subject to change without notice
Send for handsomely illustrated catalogue of all athletic sports
Montreal,
Canada
Communications addressed to
Ai C. SPALDING &. BROS.
in any of the follo-wing cities will receive attention-
For street numbers see inside front cover of this book
London,
England
New York
Buffalo
Syracuse
Boston
Pittsburg
Baltimore
Philadelphia
Washington
Neu' Orleans
Chicago St. Louis
Cleveland] Cincinnati
Detroit [Kansas City
San Francisco
Denver
Minneapolis
These prices in effect July 5, 1907.
No. 30
Spalding Patented Shin Guard
(Patent applied for)
We claim that this shin guard is made accord-
ing to the only correct principles, in that :
First— It is built \o prevent contact with
the sensitive shin bone, rather than to at-
teynpt to soften a blow by piling on padding.
Second— It is thoroughly ventilated, mak-
ing it the most comfortable to wear of any.
Third— It is extremely light in weight,
simply consisting of elkskin ventilated leg-
piece with molded "barbette" piece and
soft tanned leather fastening straps.
No. 30. Per pair, $2.00
Spalding Foot BaU Shin Guards
No. 60. Covering of black lea-
ther, backed up with real rattan
reeds; felt padding. Leather
straps and bindings Light in
weight and wellmade. Pair, $1.50
No. 10. Best quality moleskin,
same material as in our No. OOR
foot ball pants, backed up with
real rattan reeds. Pair, $1.00
We are snaking two sizes
and styles of canvas shin
guards, both well made and
light in weight.
No. 9. Canvas, length 11 inches, with reeds.
No. 8. Canvas, length 9 inches, with reeds.
Prices subject to change without notice.
Send for handsomely illustrated catalogue of all athletic sports.
40c.
Communications addressed to
Montreal\ A, C. SPALDING & BROS.
Canada \ in any of the following cities will receive attention:
For street numbers see inside front cover of this book.
London,
England
New York
Buffalo
Syracuse
Boston I Philadelphia
Pittsburg I Washington
Baltimore \ New Orleans
Chicago
Cleveland
Detroit
St. Louis
Cincinnati
Kansas City
San Francisco
Denver
Minneapolis
These prices in effect July 5, 1907.
LAWSON
FOOT BALL TIMER
A continuous timer, arranged so that an entire half may be
timed accurately, stopped during interruptions, and started
again when play is resumed. Can be used also for timing
other athletic events.
Lawson Foot Ball Timer, Nickel Case. . Each, $2.50 j
Prices subject to change without notice.
^ Send for handsomely illustrated catalogue of all athletic sports.
Montreal,
Canada
Commuaii-ittions addressed to
Ai C. SPALDING & BROS.
in any of the following cities will receive attention:
For street numbers see inside front cover of this book.
London,
England
New York
Buffalo
Syracuse
Boston I Philadelphia Chicago I St. Louis
Pittsburg Washington Cleveland] Cincinnati
Baltimore 1 New Orleans Detroit \ Kansas City
San Francisco
Denver
Minneapolis
These prices in effect July 5. 1907.
THE FOLLOWING INDEX FROM SPALDING'S
LATEST CATALOGUES WILL GIVE AN
IDEA OF THE GREAT VARIETY OF
ATHLETIC GOODS MANUFACTURED AND
SOLD BY A. G. SPALDING & BROS.
Abdominal Masseur 64
Abdomen Prot'r 13, 41
Ankle Brace, Foot Ball 7
Ankle Brace, Skate 32
Ankle Pad, Hockey 34
Ankle Supporters . 32
Ash Bars. . . 63
Attachments, Chest
Weight. . . 61
Backstops, Outdoor 44
Balls. Base . . 69
Balls. Basket . 43, 44
Balls. Foot, Ass'n 10, 11
Balls. Foot. Rugby 3,4
Balls. Golf . . 25
Balls. Hand . . 51
Balls, Indoor Base . 42
Balls, Medicine . 51
Balls. Polo . .41
Ball. Push . . 51
Balls. Volley . . 51
Balls. Water Polo . 51
Bar Bells. . . 63
Bar Stalls . . 56
Bar Stall Benches . 56
Bars, Trapeze . . 66
Bars, Horizontal . 67
Bags, Skate . . 33
Bags, Striking 54. 55
Bandages. Elastic . 14
Bandages, Silk . 14
Bars, Parallel . .67
Bases, Indoor . . 42
Base Balls . . 69
Basket Balls . 43. 44
Bats.Indoor Base Ball 42
Belts. Leather 11, 15
Belts. Worsted Web 11 , 15
Belts, Elastic . . 14
Blades. Foil . . 58
Blades, Sword . 58
Bladders. Basket Ball 44
Bladders. Foot Ball 5. 11
Bladders, St'k'g Bag 55
^ooks. Basket Ball
Score . . .44
Caddy Bags . . 25
Caps. Skull . . 12
Catchers' Protector 42
Caps, University . 21
Chamois Pad. Fenc'g 60
Chest Weights . 61
Clubs. Indian . 62. 63
Cross Bars . . 49
Cushions. Toboggan 46
Discus . . . 49
Disks. St'k'g Bag . 57
Dumb Bells . 62. 63
Elastic Bandages . 14
Elbow Protector . 60
Emblems . . . 21
Exerciser. Home . 68
Exercisers. Whitely 68
Exhibition Clubs . 63
Fencing Sticks . 58
Finger Protection . 44
Flags. College . 21
Foils, Fencing . 58
Foot Balls, Ass'n 10, 11
Foot Balls, Rugby 3, 4
Foot Ball Goal Nets 11
Foot Ball Timer . 5
Glove, Foot Ball . 13
Gloves, Hockey . 37
Gloves, Boxing 52. 53
Gloves, Fencing . 59
Gloves, Handball . 51
Goals, Basket Ball . 44
Goals, Foot Ball . 11
Goals, Hockey . 37
Golf Clubs . . 25
Grips, Athletic . 22
Gymnasium Board,
Home . . .65
Gymnas'm. Home . 65
Hammers, Athletic 48
Handballs . . 51
Hangers. Indian Club 63
Hats, University . 21
Head Harness . . 8
Health Pull . . 68
Hob Nails . . 17
Hockey Sticks 36, 37
Hockey Pucks . 37
Hockey Goals . . 37
Hockey Tights . 38
Horizontal Bars. Door-
way . . .67
Hurdles, Safety . 50
Indoor Base Ball
Goods ... 42
Indian Clubs . 62, 63
Inflaters, Foot Ball 5
Inflaters, Strik'g Bag 55
Jackets, Fencing . 60
Jackets. Foot Ball . 6
Jerseys 12. 18, 19, 38. 45
Knee Protector . 42
Knickerbockers. Foot
Ball ... 12
Lace. Foot Ball . 5
Lanes for Sprints . 50
Leg Guards. Foot Ball 7
Leg Guards, Hockey 38
Leg Guards, Polo . 41
Letters, Embroidered 21
Letters, Woven . 21
Lockers. Durand . 68
Machine, Tackling . 5
Masks, Nose . . 8
Masks. Fencing . 60
Masseur. Abdominal 64
Medicine Balls . 51
Mattresses . . 67
Measur'g Tape. Steel 50
Megaphones . . 5
Mitts. Striking Bag 55
Mitts, Handball , 51
Mocassins . . 47
Mouthpiece . . 8
Net, Volley Ball . 51
Needle, Lacing . 5
Nose Masks . . 8
Numbers, Compet'rs' 49
Pads, Foot Ball . 7
Pants, Basket Ball. 45
Pants, Foot Ball.
Rugby ... 6
SPALDING'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
AND PRICE LIST FURNISHED FREE UPON
APPLICATION TO ANY OF SPALDING'S
STORES-FOR LOCATION OF WHICH SEE
INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK. : • •
Pants, F't Ball, Ass'n 12
Pants, Knee . . 20
Pants, Roller Polo . 41
Pants, Running . 22
Pants. Hockey . 38
Plastrons, Fencing- 60
Platforms.St'k'gBagST
Poles, Ski . . 47
Poles, Vaulting . 49
Polo Goods . .41
Polo Goal Cages . 41
Polo Sticks . . 41
Protect'r. Abdomen 13
Protector. Elbow . 60
Protectors, Foot Ball 13
Protectors, Polo . 41
Protector, Wire 13, 41
Protection for Run-
ning Shoes . . 22
Pucks, Hockey . 37
Push Ball . . 51
Pushers, Chamois . 22
Puttees. Golf . . 17
Quoits . . .51
Rapiers . . .58
Referees' Whistle . 50
Referees' Horns . 50
Rings, Exercising . 66
Rings, Swinging . 66
Rowing Machines . 64
Rubber Discs . , 17
Rubber Mouthpiece 8
Scabbards for Skates 26
Score Books, Basket
Ball ... 44
Seven-foot Circle . 50
Shin Guards, Rugby 7
Shin Guards, Ass'n 11
Shin Guards, Hockey 38
Shin Guards. Polo . 41
Shirts . . . 20
Shirts, Basket Ball 45
Shirts, Ass'n F't Ball 12
Shirts, Sleeveless . 20
Shoes, Basket Ball 45
Shoes, Bowling . 19
Shoes, Clog . . 19
Shoes, Cross Country 22
Shoes, Fencing . 59
Shoes, Foot Ball,
Rugby ... 9
Shoes, Foot Ball,
Association . . 11
Shoes, Indoor Ath. . 22
Shoes, Golf . . 17
Shoes, Gymnasium 23
Shoes, Gymnasium.,
Ladies' . . . 23
Shoes, Jumping . 22
Shoes, Running . 22
Shoes, Skating 34, 35
Shoes, Ladies' Skat'g 35
Shoes, Squash . 24
Shot, Athl'c, Indoor 48
Shot, Massage . 64
Shot. Regulation . 48
Shoulder Pads . 7
Single Trapeze . 66
Skate Bags . . 33
Skates, Hockey 27,29, 30
Skate Holders . 26
Skates, Ice . 28, 32, 33
Skates, Ra.Mug . 26
Skates, Rink, Ice . 31
Skate Rollers . . 40
Skates, Roller 39, 40
Skates, Tubular . 26
Skate Sundries 26,32,33
Skate Straps . . 33
Skis .... 47
Sleeve Bands, College 21
Snow Shoes . . 47
Snow Shoe Sandals 47
Standards, Vaulting 49
Standards, Volley Ball 51
Starter's Pistol . 50
Sticks, Hockey 30. 37
Sticks, Fencing . 58
Sticks, Polo . . 41
Steel Tapes . . 50
Stockings . . 15
Stockings, Bask. Ball 42
Stockings, Foot Ball 12
Stop Watch . . 50
Striking Bags . 54, 55
Suit, Union Foot Ball 6
Supporters, Elastic 13
Supporters, Hackey
Ankle . . 14,34
Supporters, Wrist . 13
Suspensories . 13
Squash Balls . . 24
Squash Racquets , 24
Squash Ten. Rackets 24
Sweaters . . 16, 17
Swivels, Strik'g Bag 54
Swords, Fencing , 58
Swords, Duelling . 58
Tackling Machine . 5
Take-off Board . 50
Tapes, Measuring . 50
Thumb Protector . 44
Tights ... 20
Toboggans . . 46
Toboggan Cushions 46
Toboggan Toe Caps 46
Toe or Stop Boards 50
Toques . . . 46
Trapeze, Single . 66
Trapeze, Adjustable 66
Trunks . 20
Umpires' Whistle . 50
Uniforms, Indoor . 42
Vaulting Poles and
Standards . . 49
Volley Ball . 51
Water Polo Ball . 51
Whitely Exerciser . 68
Waist Reducer . 56
Wands. Calisthenic 63
Wands, School . 63
Weights. 56-lb. 48
Wrestling Machine. 56
Wrist Supporters . 13
Wrist Machines . 66
Y. M. C. A. Trousers 20
SE
Albert G. and J. Walter Spalding commenced business March
ist, 1876, at Chicago, under the firm name A. G. Spalding & Bro. ,
with a capital of $800. Two years later their brother-in-law,
William T. Brown, came into the business, and the firm name
was then changed to A. G. Spalding & Bros.
The business was founded on the Athletic reputation of Mr.
A. G. Spalding, who acquired a national prominence in the realm
of Sport, as Captain and Pitcher of the Forest City's of Rockford,
111. (1865-70), the original Boston Base Ball Club (Champions of
the United States, 1871-75), and the Chicago Ball Club C1876-77),
first Champions of the National League. He was also one of the
original organizers, and for many years a director, of the National
League of America, the premier Base Ball organization of the
world. jMr. Spalding has taken an important part in Base Ball
affairs ever since it became the National Game of the United States
at the close of the Civil War in 1865. The returning veterans of
that War, who had played the game as a camp diversion, dis-
seminated this new American field sport throughout the country,
and thus gave it its national character.
Base Ball Goods were the only articles of merchandise carried
the first year, the total sales amounting to $11,000. Gradually
implements and accessories of Athletic Sports were added, until
the firm now manufacture the requisites for all kinds of Athletic
Sports. Originally the firm contracted for their supplies from
outside manufacturers, but finding it impossible, by this method,
to keep the standard of quality up to their high ideals, they
gradually commenced the manufacture of their own goods, and
by the acquisition from time to time of various established
factories located in different parts of the country, are now able
to, and do manufacture in their own factories everything bearing
the Spalding Trade- Mark, which stands the world over as a
guarantee of the highest quality.
J
There are over three thousand persons ernployed in various
capacities in A, G. Spalding & Bros.' factories and stores located
in all the leading cities of the United States, Canada and England.
A capital of over $4,000,000 is employed in carrying on this busi-
ness, and the annual sales exceed the total combined annual sales
of all other manufacturers in the world making a similar line
of goods.
A. G. Spalding & Bros, have always taken a leading part in
the introduction, encouragement and support of all new Sports
and Games, and the prominence attained by Athletic Sports in
the United States is in a very great measure due to the energy,
enterprise and liberality of this progressive concern. They were
the pioneers, and in fact the founders, of the Athletic Goods
Trade in America, and are now universally recognized as the
undisputed Leaders in the Athletic Goods line throughout the
world.
The late Marshall Field of Chicago, America's greatest Mer-
chant, speaking of the business of A. G. Spalding & Bros., said:
"I am familiar with its early career, growth and development,
and when I compare its unpromising outlook and the special
field for its operations that existed at its inception in 1876, witii
its present magnitude, I consider it one of the most remarkable
mercantile successes of the world."
The millions of Athletes using them, and the thousands of
Dealers selling them, attest to the High Quality of Spalding's
Athletic Goods, and they must determine the future history of
this concern.
^l^.
ATHLETIC I
B LIBRARY OF CONGRESS "^f
' iiiiiiiiliilfiii iiiiiiiiiiiii ^
006 010 781 6
A separate book covers _ .
and is Official and Standard
Price 10 cents each
GRAND PRIZE
ST. LOUIS. 1904
GRAND PRIX
PARIS, 1900
Spalding
athletic goods
ARE THE STANDARD OF THE IV^ORLD
A. G. Spalding ® Bros.
MAINTAIN WHOLESALE and RETAIL STORES /n the FOLLOWING CITItlS
NEW YORK CHIC
PHILADELPHIA ST.
BOSTON C
BALTIMORE
WASHINGTON
PITTSBURG
BUFFALO
SYRACUSE
NEW ORLEANS
MONTREAL. CAN
CHICAGO
ST. LOUIS
CINCINNATI
CLEVELAND
DETROIT
KANSAS CITY
MINNEAPOLIS
DENVER
)ANS SAN FRANCISCO
LONDON, ENG
Factories owned and operated by A.G.Spaldin^ & Bros, and whei
"odcMarktcf Athletic Goods are made are located inthe folli
IHEW YORK CHICAGO SAK FRANCISCO CHICOPEE,MASS.|
BROOKLYN BOSTON PHILADELPHIA LONDON, ENG.
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11